ATI LPN
Immune System Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Examples of autoimmune diseases except:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Malaria. Autoimmune diseases are conditions where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells. Malaria, on the other hand, is caused by a parasite transmitted through mosquito bites and does not involve the immune system attacking the body. Pernicious anemia, Grave's disease, and Hashimoto's disease are all autoimmune diseases where the immune system targets specific tissues or organs in the body. Therefore, A is the correct answer as it does not fit the definition of an autoimmune disease, unlike the other choices.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is planning the care of a client who requires immunosuppression to ensure engraftment of depleted bone marrow during a transplantation procedure. What is the most important component of infection control in the care of this client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Thorough and consistent hand hygiene. This is essential to prevent the transmission of microorganisms between the client and healthcare providers. Hand hygiene is the most effective measure to reduce the risk of infection in healthcare settings. IVIG (A) is not directly related to infection control. Antibiotic administration (B) is important in treating infections but does not prevent transmission. While appropriate use of gloves and goggles (C) is important, it is not as critical as hand hygiene in preventing infections.
Question 3 of 5
A client with a recent diagnosis of HIV infection expresses an interest in exploring alternative and complementary therapies. How should the nurse best respond?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Acknowledge client interest in alternative therapies. Step 2: Provide balanced information about alternative therapies. Step 3: Emphasize benefits and risks of alternative therapies. Step 4: Encourage open discussion and decision-making with healthcare provider. Choice C is correct as it acknowledges client autonomy, provides information, and promotes informed decision-making. Choice A is incorrect as it dismisses alternative therapies outright. Choice B is incorrect as it discourages without considering individual preferences. Choice D is incorrect as it presents a binary choice without discussing the nuances of treatment options.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing the skin integrity of a client who has AIDS. When performing this inspection, the nurse should prioritize assessment of what skin surfaces.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Perianal region and oral mucosa. In clients with AIDS, these areas are particularly prone to opportunistic infections due to the compromised immune system. The perianal region can be affected by conditions like anal warts or fungal infections, while oral mucosa can develop oral thrush or other oral infections. These areas are also important for early detection and treatment to prevent systemic spread of infections. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not prioritize areas that are more susceptible to infections in clients with AIDS.
Question 5 of 5
A child suspected of having sickle cell disease is seen in a clinic, and laboratory studies are performed. A nurse checks the lab results, knowing that which of the following would be increased in this disease?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Reticulocyte count. In sickle cell disease, there is a chronic hemolytic anemia leading to increased destruction of red blood cells. As a compensatory mechanism, the bone marrow increases production of immature red blood cells called reticulocytes. This results in an elevated reticulocyte count in sickle cell disease. Platelet count (A) is typically not affected in sickle cell disease. Hematocrit level (B) may be decreased due to anemia. Hemoglobin level (D) may also be decreased due to the chronic hemolysis.