ATI LPN
Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Emulsification of fats in the small intestines is due to the action of bile, which is released into the intestine from the
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: gall bladder. Bile, which emulsifies fats in the small intestines, is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder. When the body detects the presence of fats in the small intestines, the gall bladder releases bile into the small intestines to aid in the emulsification process. The stomach (A) is responsible for the initial digestion of food and does not release bile. Villi (C) are tiny finger-like projections in the small intestines that help with nutrient absorption, not bile release. Lacteals (D) are lymphatic vessels in the small intestines that absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins, but they do not release bile.
Question 2 of 5
A branch of the nerve regulating the secretions of the stomach can be cut surgically. The decrease in hydrochloric acid secretion that would result from this procedure would be most helpful to an individual with
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: ulcers. Cutting the nerve branch would decrease hydrochloric acid secretion, which is beneficial for individuals with ulcers as it can help in reducing stomach acidity and promoting healing of the ulcers. For the other choices: A: Diarrhea is not directly related to hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach. B: Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix and is not influenced by stomach acid secretion. C: Gallstones are formed in the gallbladder and are not directly affected by stomach acid secretion.
Question 3 of 5
The above picture shows the main organ involved in
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: excretion. The organ shown is the kidney, which plays a vital role in filtering waste products from the blood to form urine for excretion. It is not involved in digestion (B), reproduction (C), or combating foreign microbes (D). Kidneys are specifically designed for excretion, making choice A the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
Which process takes place in region A?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Region A refers to the glomerulus in the kidney, where filtration occurs. The correct answer is B because substances are filtered out of the blood into the renal tubules for further processing. Proteins being converted to urea (A) happens in the liver, not in the glomerulus. Urine storage (C) occurs in the bladder, not in the glomerulus. Water reabsorption (D) occurs in the renal tubules, not in the glomerulus. Therefore, choice B is correct for region A.
Question 5 of 5
The physician orders a patient with a duodenal ulcer to take a UREA breath test. Which lab value will the test measure to determine if h. pylori is present?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Carbon dioxide. The UREA breath test measures the presence of H. pylori in the stomach by detecting the breakdown of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia by the bacteria. H. pylori produces the enzyme urease, which hydrolyzes urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. Therefore, an increase in carbon dioxide levels indicates the presence of H. pylori. Choice A (Ammonia) is incorrect because the test does not specifically measure ammonia levels. Choice B (Urea) is also incorrect because the test measures the breakdown of urea, not the urea itself. Choice C (Hydrochloric acid) is incorrect as the test does not directly measure this acid.