Effective skin disinfection before a surgical procedure includes which of the following methods:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Showering with antiseptic soap before surgery (D) is the most effective method to reduce skin microorganisms. Shaving the day before (A) risks infection, topical antiseptic alone (B) is insufficient, and a tub bath (C) is less effective than showering.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: All these factors highlight the critical role of hand hygiene in infection control.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Any suspected medication error should be reported immediately to ensure client safety and initiate corrective actions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Single-dose and multiple-dose vials are categorized based on their intended use and stability considerations.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Drop factor is the number of drops per mL (gtts/mL) specific to IV tubing.