Early on, during the preliminary sponge count on closure of a repair of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, the circulating nurse was unable to account for 2 lap sponges. He had meticulously maintained accountability for all sponges and instruments discarded from the sterile field and bagged each sponge carefully. He immediately turned and addressed the entire team in a clear voice. Select the appropriate communication that the circulating nurse must employ during this count discrepancy.

Early on, during the preliminary sponge count on closure of a repair of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, the circulating nurse was unable to account for 2 lap sponges. He had meticulously maintained accountability for all sponges and instruments discarded from the sterile field and bagged each sponge carefully. He immediately turned and addressed the entire team in a clear voice. Select the appropriate communication that the circulating nurse must employ during this count discrepancy.

While hypothermia was historically credited as a therapeutic modality benefitting all surgery because it decreases metabolism and reduces oxygen demand, inadvertent hypothermia is now recognized as impacting many critical physiologic functions and patient outcomes. Which of the following impairments can contribute to surgical site infections?

A 92-year-old frail female nursing home patient was admitted for dehydration, anemia, and respiratory symptoms. She has type 2 diabetes and low albumin levels, is underweight, and continues to smoke cigarettes. The patient is on complete bed rest in a hospital bed with an alternating pressure mattress overlay. She is not able to turn herself in bed and must be assisted to change position. Based on this description of the patient, which factor classification dominates her vulnerability and risk for injury?

Positioning devices should be used according to the original equipment manufacturer's instructions to reduce the capillary interface pressure to below:

When creating a vascular or intestinal anastomosis (connecting two tubular structures together), the surgeon will typically suture one-half of the anastomosis with one half of the suture and the other half of the anastomosis with the other half of the suture. This technique minimizes the drag and wear on the suture material and needle. The correct name for this type of suture and needle is: