ATI LPN
NCLEX PN Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
During which of the following periods does the largest volume of blood enter the arteries?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ventricular systole is when the largest blood volume enters the arteries left ventricle into the aorta, right into the pulmonary trunk as contraction ejects stroke volume (~70 mL/beat). Atrial diastole fills atria, not arteries. Ventricular diastole fills ventricles, not direct artery entry. Atrial systole adds to ventricular filling (~20-30% of volume), not artery flow. Systole's forceful push, timed with semilunar valve opening, maximizes arterial delivery, key to systemic and pulmonary circulation, a pivotal phase in cardiac output and pressure wave generation.
Question 2 of 5
The right atrioventricular valve is also called the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The right atrioventricular (AV) valve is the tricuspid, with three cusps, preventing backflow from right ventricle to atrium. Bicuspid and mitral are left-sided (same valve); aortic is semilunar, not AV. This naming reflects its tri-leaflet design, key in right heart flow, critical in tricuspid issues like regurgitation, a precise valve identity.
Question 3 of 5
The organ of the respiratory system that closes when food is being swallowed is the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The larynx (C) closes during swallowing, per the key the epiglottis seals the glottis, preventing aspiration. The nose (A) stays open (no closure mechanism). The pharynx (B) conducts food/air but doesn't close. The trachea (D) remains patent (cartilage rings). Swallowing's pharyngeal phase (0.5 s) tilts the epiglottis via hyoid movement, per anatomy laryngeal closure protects lungs (e.g., 1-2 L food/day diverted). This distinguishes C from A's irrelevance, B's conduit role, or D's openness the larynx's gatekeeping is unique.
Question 4 of 5
A client is hospitalized with a diagnosis of pneumonia. Which findings, based on the nurse's knowledge, are indicative of deteriorating clinical state? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increased respiratory rate (A), tachycardia (B), agitation (C), and cyanosis (D) signal pneumonia deterioration, per document (1-4). Tachypnea (e.g., RR >30) reflects hypoxemia (PaOâ‚‚ <60 mmHg). Tachycardia (HR >100) compensates low Oâ‚‚. Agitation indicates cerebral hypoxia. Cyanosis (SpOâ‚‚ <90%) shows deoxygenation. Urine output is unrelated. A's priority RR doubling drives hypoxia detection, distinguishing it from E's irrelevance.
Question 5 of 5
When taking the nursing history of a child with cystic fibrosis, what piece of information about the child's newborn period would the nurse expect the mother to report?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Meconium ileus (C) is expected in cystic fibrosis (CF) newborns, per document (3). CFTR mutation thickens mucus, blocking intestines (10-20% incidence), causing obstruction. Resuscitation (A) or labor duration (B, D) are unrelated CF's respiratory issues emerge later. C's early sign 90% positive sweat test link flags CF, distinguishing it from A's acute event, per CF Foundation.