ATI LPN
LPN Pediatrics Questions
Question 1 of 5
During the 5-minute Apgar assessment of a newborn, you note a heart rate of 130 beats/min, cyanosis in the hands and feet, and rapid respirations. The baby cries when you flick the soles of its feet and resists leg straightening. These findings correspond to an Apgar score of:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Apgar score is a rapid assessment tool to evaluate the newborn's transition to life outside the womb. The Apgar score is based on five components: heart rate (>100 bpm), respiratory effort (rapid breathing), muscle tone (resisting leg straightening), reflex irritability (crying when feet are flicked), and color (cyanosis to extremities). The described findings match a score of 9, indicating good overall condition and adaptation to extrauterine life.
Question 2 of 5
You are called to a local park for a 7-year-old boy with respiratory distress. During your assessment, you find that the patient is wheezing and has widespread hives and facial edema. What should you suspect has occurred?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Allergic reaction. This choice is correct because the patient is presenting with symptoms of respiratory distress (wheezing) along with widespread hives and facial edema, which are classic signs of an allergic reaction. Option A) Poison oak exposure is unlikely as the symptoms described are more indicative of an allergic reaction rather than a specific contact with poison oak. Option C) Heat illness does not align with the symptoms presented by the patient, as there is no mention of signs such as excessive sweating, dizziness, or high body temperature. Option D) Acute asthma attack is a plausible choice due to the respiratory distress symptoms, but the presence of widespread hives and facial edema strongly suggests an allergic reaction over an asthma attack. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to be able to recognize and differentiate between various conditions that can cause respiratory distress in children. Understanding the signs and symptoms of allergic reactions, asthma attacks, and other common pediatric emergencies is crucial for providing timely and appropriate care to pediatric patients in various settings, including outdoor environments like parks.
Question 3 of 5
After an advanced airway device has been inserted in a 6-month-old infant in cardiopulmonary arrest, you should deliver ventilations at a rate of:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the appropriate ventilation rates for infants in cardiopulmonary arrest. The correct answer, "D) 8 to 10 breaths/min," is recommended for a 6-month-old infant with an advanced airway device in place. This ventilation rate is appropriate as it helps maintain adequate oxygenation and ventilation without causing harm or overinflation of the lungs in this critical situation. Delivering ventilations too rapidly (Options A and B) can lead to complications such as barotrauma or decreased cardiac output. Ventilating too slowly (Option C) may not provide sufficient oxygenation during resuscitation efforts. Educationally, it is essential for pediatric nurses to be well-versed in pediatric resuscitation guidelines to provide optimal care in emergency situations. Understanding the correct ventilation rates based on the age and condition of the child is vital to improving outcomes in pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest scenarios.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following techniques represents the MOST appropriate method of opening the airway of an infant with no suspected neck injury?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In pediatric nursing, maintaining a patent airway is crucial for ensuring adequate oxygenation. The correct answer, option D, which states to tilt the head back without hyperextending the neck, is the most appropriate method for opening the airway of an infant with no suspected neck injury. This technique is recommended for infants because their airways are more easily obstructed due to their anatomical differences compared to older children or adults. Hyperextending the neck (option B) can actually worsen the airway obstruction in infants. Performing the technique as you would for an older child or adult (option A) may not be effective and could potentially harm the infant. Gently lifting the chin while maintaining slight flexion of the neck (option C) is not ideal as it may not fully open the airway in an infant. It's essential for pediatric nurses to be well-versed in age-appropriate airway management techniques to provide safe and effective care to infants and children.
Question 5 of 5
You have just delivered a baby girl. Your assessment of the newborn reveals that she has a patent airway, is breathing adequately, and has a heart rate of 130 beats/min. Her face and trunk are pink, but her hands and feet are cyanotic. You have clamped and cut the umbilical cord, but the placenta has not yet delivered. You should:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the appropriate action is to keep the newborn warm, ensure the mother receives oxygen if needed, and prepare for transport. The newborn is showing signs of central cyanosis (hands and feet being cyanotic), which can be due to various reasons, including inadequate oxygenation. Therefore, ensuring warmth and possible oxygen to the mother are important. Additionally, monitoring both the mother and baby during transport is crucial for their well-being.