ATI LPN
Renal System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
During reabsorption, Na⺠crosses the apical walls of the proximal tubule cells into the interstitial fluid principally by means of:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Na⺠reabsorption in the PCT uses active transport (D) via Na+/K+ ATPase and Na+/H+ exchangers, not phagocytosis (A), endocytosis (B), or diffusion (C), making D the primary mechanism.
Question 2 of 5
An 88-year-old with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has a markedly distended bladder and is agitated and confused. Which of the following interventions prescribed by the health care provider should the nurse implement first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acute urinary retention (A) with distension and agitation requires immediate catheterization to relieve pressure and symptoms. IVP (B), sedation (C), and labs (D) follow, but relieving retention is the urgent first step, making A the priority.
Question 3 of 5
A patient passing bloody urine has scheduled a cystoscopy with cystogram. Which description of the procedure by the nurse is accurate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In a cystoscope and cystogram procedure, a cystoscope is inserted into the bladder for direct visualization, and then contrast solution is injected through the scope so that x-rays can be taken. The response beginning, “Your doctor will place a catheter†describes a renal arteriogram procedure. The response beginning, “Your doctor will inject a radioactive solution†describes a nuclear scan. The response beginning, “Your doctor will insert a lighted tube into the bladder, and little catheters will be inserted†describes a retrograde pyelogram.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is to obtain an orthostatic blood pressure measurement for a patient on dialysis for end-stage renal disease. Which of these would the nurse do to obtain this measurement?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Orthostatic BP (A) assesses fluid status by measuring lying, sitting, and standing positions for postural hypotension. Frequent checks (B), dialysis timing (C), or medication (D) don't define orthostatic measurement, making A the method.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient with an indwelling catheter. Which of the following would be included in routine nursing care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid intake (A), securing catheter (C), closed system (D), and removal (F) are routine, but A promotes urine flow. Sterile technique (B) isn't standard (aseptic is), and clamping (E) isn't routine, making A a key action.