ATI LPN
Questions of Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
During heart transplants, the _____ nerves are severed resulting in a faster resting heart rate (approximately 100 beats per minute) after the transplant.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During heart transplants, vagus nerves (parasympathetic) are severed, losing their slowing effect on the SA node, raising resting heart rate to ~100 bpm its intrinsic pace. Glossopharyngeal nerves sense pressure, not rate directly. Cardiac accelerator (sympathetic) nerves speed rate, intact or regrown later. Phrenic nerves drive diaphragm, not heart. This denervation removes 'brake,' key in post-transplant care, explaining tachycardia and need for rate control.
Question 2 of 5
What should the nurse include when teaching health maintenance strategies to the client w/ COPD? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Yearly influenza (A), pneumonia vaccines (B), and adequate calories (D) aid COPD per GOLD guidelines, but A is primary (document lists 1). Flu shots cut exacerbations (30-50% risk drop). Pneumonia vaccine (PCV13) prevents S. pneumoniae. Limiting activity (C) worsens deconditioning exercise (e.g., 30 min/day) is key. Calories (e.g., 30 kcal/kg) combat cachexia from high metabolic demand (BMR +20%). A's emphasis reflects COPD's viral trigger risk flu doubles exacerbation odds, unlike C's harm or D's support role, making it the standout strategy.
Question 3 of 5
A client is admitted to the hospital with a medical diagnosis of viral pneumonia. The nurse assesses for which of the following most frequent manifestations? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Viral pneumonia features nonproductive cough (B) and normal/near-normal WBC (C), per document (2, 3). Viruses (e.g., influenza) cause dry cough (no consolidation) and leukopenia or normal counts (e.g., 4-11k), unlike bacterial spikes. Gohn's tubercle (A) is TB, not viral. Intermittent fever (D) fits TB, not viral's steady rise. Pleural effusion is bacterial. B's cough 50% cases flags viral etiology, distinguishing it from A's TB link.
Question 4 of 5
A young toddler is being discharged after an emergency admission for foreign body aspiration. The parents ask what they can do to prevent another accident. What advice is appropriate for the nurse to give the parents?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Keeping small objects out of reach (C) prevents aspiration, per document (3). Toddlers (1-3 years) explore orally 90% of cases <5 cm objects (e.g., coins). Watching (A) or teaching (B) fail developmentally. Continuous observation (D) is impractical. C's environmental control 50% risk drop fits AAP safety, unlike A's vagueness.
Question 5 of 5
When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, which of the following actions does NOT occur?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When the diaphragm and external intercostals contract during inhalation, the chest expands diaphragm moves inferiorly, ribs lift increasing thoracic volume. This drops intrapulmonary (alveolar) pressure below atmospheric, drawing air in, and intrapleural pressure decreases (more negative, e.g., -6 mmHg from -4 mmHg) to keep lungs expanded. Intrapleural pressure increasing doesn't occur it contradicts mechanics of inspiration, where negative pressure maintains lung inflation. An increase would collapse lungs, as in pneumothorax. This action's absence is key to understanding ventilation dynamics, distinguishing normal breathing from pathological states where pressure relationships invert, a fundamental concept in respiratory physiology.