During a routine pediatric visit, a 6-month-old patient will need which of the following vaccines?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Per CDC guidelines, a 6-month-old at a routine visit receives RV (rotavirus, dose 3 if RotaTeq), DTaP (dose 3), Hib (dose 3), PCV (dose 3), and IPV (dose 3). HepA starts at 12 months, MMR and Varicella at 12-15 months, and influenza annually starting at 6 months (but requires 2 doses 4 weeks apart initially, not fully captured here). HepB dose 3 is typically at 6-18 months but often given earlier (e.g., birth, 1-2 months, 6 months). Choice C is the most accurate standard set without overcomplicating the schedule.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: At 4 months, the CDC schedule includes RV (dose 2), DTaP (dose 2), Hib (dose 2), PCV (dose 2), and IPV (dose 2) (Choice C). MMR and Varicella start at 12-15 months, HepA at 12 months, and HepB dose 3 is typically at 6-18 months, not 4 months.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The older DTP vaccine (with whole-cell pertussis) was associated with severe reactions (e.g., high fever, seizures) primarily due to the pertussis component, leading to the switch to acellular pertussis (DTaP) in the 1990s. Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (Choices A, C) rarely caused such issues, and severe reactions weren’t from the combination alone (Choice D), but specifically the whole-cell pertussis (Choice B), per historical CDC data.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Crushing medication (if safe) and mixing with a small amount of food aids administration in toddlers (1-3 years), who resist pills (pediatric nursing practice). Choices B, C, and D are less practical for this age.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Clearing the area prevents injury during a seizure (AAP), the first priority. Restraining (Choice A) or tongue blades (Choice C) are outdated and harmful; positioning (Choice B) is secondary.