ATI LPN
Hematologic System Assessment Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
During a 4-month-old’s well-child check, the nurse discusses introduction of solid foods into the infant’s diet and concerns for foods commonly associated with food allergies. Due to allergies, which foods will the nurse instruction the parents to avoid until after 1 year of age?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (Strawberries, eggs, and wheat) because these foods are common allergens that should be avoided until after 1 year of age to reduce the risk of food allergies. Strawberries are highly allergenic, eggs contain proteins that may trigger allergies, and wheat contains gluten which can cause sensitivities. Peas, tomatoes, and spinach (choice B) are generally safe to introduce to infants. Carrots, beets, and spinach (choice C) are also safe options. Squash, pork, and tomatoes (choice D) are not commonly associated with food allergies in infants.
Question 2 of 5
A chest x-ray examination is ordered for a child with suspected cardiac problems. The child’s parent asks the nurse, 'What will the x-ray show about the heart?' The nurse’s response should be based on knowledge that the x-ray film will do which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Provide information on heart size and pulmonary blood flow patterns. A chest x-ray can reveal the size of the heart and indicate any abnormalities in the pulmonary blood flow patterns. This is important in assessing cardiac function. A: Show bones of chest but not the heart - This is incorrect as a chest x-ray can show the heart along with the bones of the chest. B: Evaluate the vascular anatomy outside of the heart - This is incorrect as a chest x-ray primarily focuses on the heart and lungs. C: Show a graphic measure of electrical activity of the heart - This is incorrect as an ECG (electrocardiogram) is used to measure the electrical activity of the heart, not a chest x-ray.
Question 3 of 5
Ventricular septal defect has the following blood flow pattern:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice B (Increased pulmonary blood flow) being correct: 1. Ventricular septal defect results in a communication between the left and right ventricles. 2. This causes increased blood flow from the left ventricle to the right ventricle. 3. The increased blood flow is then directed to the pulmonary circulation, leading to increased pulmonary blood flow. 4. This results in volume overload of the pulmonary vasculature. 5. The other choices are incorrect because a ventricular septal defect does not cause mixed blood flow, decreased pulmonary blood flow, or obstruction to blood flow from ventricles.
Question 4 of 5
A mother states that she brought her child to the clinic because the 3-year-old girl was not keeping up with her siblings. During physical assessment, the nurse notes that the child has pale skin and conjunctiva and has muscle weakness. The hemoglobin on admission is 6.4 g/dl. After notifying the practitioner of the results, the nurse’s priority intervention is to:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Minimize energy expenditure to decrease cardiac workload. The child's low hemoglobin level of 6.4 g/dl indicates severe anemia, leading to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. With pale skin, conjunctiva, and muscle weakness, the child likely has symptoms of anemia, causing fatigue and decreased exercise tolerance. By minimizing energy expenditure, the nurse can prevent further strain on the child's already compromised cardiovascular system, reducing the risk of cardiac complications. This intervention prioritizes the child's safety and well-being by addressing the immediate physiological concern of decreased oxygen supply to tissues. Summary of why the other choices are incorrect: A: Reducing environmental stimulation is not the priority as the child's main issue is related to severe anemia, not seizures. B: Repeating the analysis with a new specimen may be necessary to confirm the hemoglobin level but is not the immediate priority when dealing with a critically low hemoglobin level. D: Administering intr
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is not a characteristic of inflammation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: inactivation of macrophages. Inflammation involves activation of macrophages to help phagocytize pathogens. Inactivation of macrophages would hinder the immune response. Increased vascular permeability, vasodilation, and pain are all typical characteristics of inflammation. Macrophages play a crucial role in the inflammatory response by engulfing and destroying pathogens, therefore, inactivation of macrophages is not a characteristic of inflammation.