Dr. Fabian De Las Santas, is about to conduct an ophthalmoscope examination. Which of the following, if done by a nurse, is a Correct preparation before the procedure?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Darkening the room enhances ophthalmoscope visibility e.g., pupil dilation for retina view unlike bright light (constricts). Draping (privacy), warming (nonsense), differ. Nurses prepare this e.g., dim lights for clear fundoscopic exams, per eye assessment protocols.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings (1970s) posits humans as wholes beyond parts e.g., dignity persists post-trauma. Unlike Roy's adaptation, Henderson's needs, or Johnson's behavior, Rogers' wholistic view shapes nursing's focus on indivisible patient worth, influencing holistic care philosophies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Upper and Lower GI series target digestion, fitting the body system framework e.g., assessing stomach function. Functional (ADLs), head-to-toe (full), and cephalocaudal (top-down) are broader. Nurses use this e.g., GI issues for targeted care, per organ-specific assessment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Normal respiration has a 1:2 inspiration-to-expiration ratio e.g., 1-second inhale, 2-second exhale due to passive expiration. Other ratios (2:1, 4:3, 1:1) don't match. Nurses observe this e.g., counting for baseline, per respiratory mechanics.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Abdominal quadrants follow RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ e.g., liver, appendix, spleen, colon for flow. Other orders lack this. Nurses use e.g., pain for consistency, per practice.