ATI LPN
Questions on the Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Discharge teaching with the partner of a client who has acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)- statements indicates the need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B Rationale: 1. Cleaning up blood spills with hot water is incorrect as it does not effectively kill HIV. Bleach solution is recommended. 2. Using gloves is essential for preventing exposure to blood and body fluids. 3. Immediate cleaning of spills is crucial to reduce the risk of transmission. 4. Hot water alone is not sufficient for disinfection. Summary: A: Hand washing is important, but using gloves for cleaning blood spills is more critical. C: Sharing utensils is not safe due to the risk of blood exposure. D: Gloves are necessary for routine care to prevent contact with bodily fluids.
Question 2 of 5
Dilutional thrombocytopenia may be caused by:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Transfusion of large volumes of blood. Dilutional thrombocytopenia occurs when the concentration of platelets decreases due to the infusion of large volumes of fluid, such as during a blood transfusion. This dilution effect leads to a decrease in platelet count without a true decrease in the total number of platelets in the body. Overhydration (choice A) and excessive drinking (choice B) may lead to fluid overload but do not directly cause dilutional thrombocytopenia. Excessive use of diuretics (choice D) can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances but is not a common cause of dilutional thrombocytopenia.
Question 3 of 5
The 'butterfly' rash often seen in some people with systemic lupus erythematosus is found on:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The face. The butterfly rash in systemic lupus erythematosus is a distinctive reddish rash that spreads across the cheeks and bridge of the nose, resembling the shape of a butterfly. This rash is a hallmark symptom of lupus and typically appears during periods of disease activity. The rash is not typically found on the back, legs, or neck. Therefore, the correct location for the butterfly rash in systemic lupus erythematosus is on the face.
Question 4 of 5
A 4-year-old preschooler with a low platelet count received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). What part of routine health maintenance would the nurse explain to the parents should be delayed?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The administration of live-virus vaccines should be delayed. IVIG can interfere with the efficacy of live-virus vaccines by neutralizing the live viruses in the vaccine. The preschooler's immune system may not be able to mount a proper response to the vaccine due to the IVIG. Live-virus vaccines should be postponed for at least 3 months after receiving IVIG to ensure the child's immune system can respond effectively. Incorrect choices: B: Yearly routine dental examination - This is not affected by IVIG treatment and should not be delayed. C: Assessing the child's blood pressure - This is an important aspect of routine health maintenance and should not be delayed. D: Checking the child's visual acuity - This is also an important part of routine health maintenance and should not be delayed.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a child who is in sickle cell anemic crisis and has severe pain. The most effective nursing intervention for this child should be
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Administering pain medication. In a sickle cell anemic crisis, pain management is a priority to alleviate the severe pain the child is experiencing. Administering pain medication promptly helps to provide relief and improve the child's comfort and well-being. Comfort measures like back rubs (Choice A) and diversional activities (Choice B) may help to some extent but are not as effective in managing the acute pain crisis. Preparing the child for painful procedures (Choice D) is not appropriate at this time as the immediate focus should be on addressing the existing pain.