Developed the CLINICAL NURSING - A HELPING ART MODEL

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ernestine Wiedenbach's Clinical Nursing A Helping Art Model (1960s) frames nursing as an art meeting patient needs e.g., teaching insulin use. Swanson's caring, Hall's core-care-cure, and Zderad's humanism differ. Wiedenbach's practical, clinical focus guides purposeful interventions, shaping training and bedside care with its emphasis on intentional, skilled assistance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Gordon's Functional Health Patterns (1980s) assess stressors' impact on mind, body, and environment re: ADLs e.g., mobility post-stroke. Head-to-toe (physical), body systems (organs), and cephalocaudal (top-down) differ. Nurses use this e.g., holistic plans for function-focused care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pulsus paradoxus is an exaggerated systolic drop (>10 mmHg) on inspiration e.g., pericardial effusion due to heart compression. Increase (opposite), positional pulse (unrelated) differ. Nurses detect this e.g., sphygmomanometer for emergencies, per pathophysiology.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Abdominal assessment follows inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation e.g., look, listen (bowel), tap, feel to avoid sound alteration. Other sequences disrupt. Nurses adhere e.g., pre-surgery for accuracy, per standards.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Adults produce ~1500 ml urine daily e.g., 1-2 liters per kidney function. Less (800-1000) or more (2000) vary. Nurses monitor e.g., output for health, per norms.