ATI LPN
Urinary System Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Describe the sensation from the urinary bladder at 150-300 ml urine volume.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At 150-300 ml of urine volume, the urinary bladder triggers the first urge to void. Stretch receptors in the bladder wall detect this initial distension, sending signals via afferent nerves to the spinal cord and brain, initiating the micturition reflex's sensory component. This sensation precedes fullness (300-400 ml), discomfort (400-600 ml), and pain (600-700 ml), as bladder stretch intensifies with increasing volume, making B the accurate description.
Question 2 of 5
The only part in nephron which is permeable to water and impermeable to ions:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The thin descending limb of the Loop of Henle is permeable to water via aquaporin-1, allowing water to exit into the medullary interstitium, but impermeable to ions, concentrating the filtrate. The PCT (A) and collecting ducts (C) reabsorb ions, and the thick ascending limb (D) is impermeable to water, making B uniquely correct.
Question 3 of 5
A climber attempts an assault on a high mountain in the Andes and reaches an altitude of 5000 meters (16,400 ft) above sea level. What will happen to his arterial PCO2 and pH?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At high altitude (5000 m), low oxygen partial pressure triggers hyperventilation, reducing arterial PCOâ‚‚ (hypocapnia). Per Henderson-Hasselbalch, lower PCOâ‚‚ increases pH (respiratory alkalosis). Exertion may raise COâ‚‚ briefly, but hypoxia-driven ventilation dominates, ruling out C and D. A is close but less precise than B's directional clarity.
Question 4 of 5
It is hospital policy to assess and record a patient's heart rate before administering digoxin (Lanoxin). By auditing the nursing records to determine the frequency of compliance with this policy, the quality assessment and improvement committee is conducting:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Auditing compliance with heart rate checks before digoxin (to prevent bradycardia) is a process analysis (A), evaluating how well a procedure is followed. Quality analysis (B) is broader, system analysis (C) assesses infrastructure, and outcome analysis (D) focuses on results, making A the specific focus here.
Question 5 of 5
What statement by a nursing student demonstrates a correct understanding of how pathological factors affect urinary elimination?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated parathyroid hormone increases calcium reabsorption, contributing to kidney stones (A), a correct pathological effect. Hypothyroidism slows metabolism (B), nephrotic syndrome loses proteins into urine (C), and acute kidney injury reduces output (D), making A the accurate understanding.