ATI LPN
Questions About the Cardiovascular System Questions
Question 1 of 9
Depolarization of the ventricles is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The QRS complex (often referred to as RS in simplified terms) on an ECG represents the depolarization of the ventricles, which initiates ventricular contraction.
Question 2 of 9
Which of the following would not cause an ectopic beat?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ectopic beats originate from areas other than the SA node; thus, the SA node itself does not cause ectopic beats.
Question 3 of 9
A female 70 years old came to hospital with fever, headache, jaw pain, pain intense along the course of the superficial temporal artery. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Giant cell arteritis causes temporal artery pain, headache, and jaw claudication in older adults.
Question 4 of 9
Which blood vessels leave the heart and transport blood to the lungs?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation.
Question 5 of 9
A 49-year-old African-American man presents with an unremarkable history. Six months ago, his serum creatinine was 0.9 mg/dl. He presents with 2+ pitting edema to the knees. A renal biopsy revealed FSGS not otherwise specified. When compared with an identical Caucasian patient, which ONE of the following statements is MORE likely to be true in African Americans?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: FSGS progresses more rapidly to ESKD in African Americans due to genetic predisposition, particularly APOL-1 variants.
Question 6 of 9
A 34 y/o female presents with blood pressure = 180/101 on Lisinopril, Amlodipine and HCTZ. BMI = 23. Electrolytes, bun and creatinine are normal. No family history of hypertension. She reports diaphoresis. Carvedilol is added with a spike in blood pressure and tachycardia. Which of the following is most likely to be elevated as the etiology of the underlying diagnosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The severe hypertension resistant to multiple medications, diaphoresis, and paradoxical worsening with a beta-blocker (Carvedilol) suggest pheochromocytoma, a catecholamine-secreting tumor. Elevated urine metanephrines (catecholamine metabolites) are diagnostic. Aldosterone (Conn's syndrome) or cortisol (Cushing's) would present differently.
Question 7 of 9
Which statement regarding cardiac "work" is FALSE?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The largest drop in energy actually occurs across the arterioles, not the precapillary sphincters.
Question 8 of 9
The expression 'cardiac cycle' refers to:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The cardiac cycle encompasses all the events associated with one complete heartbeat, including systole and diastole of both atria and ventricles.
Question 9 of 9
What inhibits gene transcription for endothelin-1 secretion:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nitric oxide inhibits gene transcription for endothelin-1 secretion through various signaling pathways.