Data collection includes the gathering of subjective and objective data from or about a client. Subjective data are:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Subjective data are the client's perceptions about their health like reporting pain or fatigue captured through interviews or questionnaires. These reflect personal experiences, not measurable by others, distinguishing them from objective data (e.g., temperature). Physician history forms provide mixed data, often objective (e.g., lab results), not purely subjective unless quoting the client. Observations by the collector like rash appearance are objective, directly seen or measured. Ancillary reports (e.g., radiology) are objective, based on tests, not perceptions. Subjective data's focus on the client's voice e.g., 'I feel anxious' is vital for holistic assessment, guiding nurses to explore symptoms' impact, making it the correct definition here.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Lean men have the highest water percentage, around 60-65%, due to less fat, unlike fat men, women, or fat women. Nurses apply this in fluid assessments.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bills paid by insurance is health insurance (A) coverage contract, per definition. Primary (B) and tertiary (C) are care levels, crisis (D) event not payment-based. A fits financial support, making it correct.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rectal thermometers insert 1-2 inches e.g., 1 inch adults, less kids for accurate core temp, avoiding perforation. Longer (3-5) is unsafe; 5-1.5 illogical. Nurses mark this e.g., depth per guidelines, ensuring precision and safety.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Stopping oxytocin reduces uterine stimulation, potentially relieving fetal distress.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Evidence-based practice (EBP) has transformed nursing by making it a means of ensuring quality care, integrating current research, clinical expertise, and patient values into a systematic approach. Unlike simply incorporating studies, EBP evaluates and applies them to improve outcomes like reducing infection rates through proven protocols ensuring consistency and safety. Specialty knowledge enhances care but isn't EBP's core shift. Pre-EBP, nursing relied on tradition or economics, but now it prioritizes quality via evidence, not cost alone. This evolution empowers nurses to deliver precise, effective interventions, like using ginger for nausea based on reviews, elevating care beyond habit. EBP's focus on quality over mere incorporation or economics marks a paradigm shift, aligning nursing with scientific rigor and patient-centered excellence across diverse settings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Increasing oxygen-carrying capacity (A) is the primary indication for oxygen therapy in anemia, compensating for reduced hemoglobin by boosting dissolved oxygen in plasma. Reducing iron deficiency (B) or enhancing erythropoiesis (D) requires other treatments. Tissue healing (C) is a byproduct. This approach mitigates hypoxia symptoms, per hematology care, vital until anemia is corrected.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Temp returning to normal post-fever is homeostasis (A) restoring balance, per physiology. Crisis (B) is disruption, illness (C) disease, risk factor (D) predisposition not regulation. A fits equilibrium, making it correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Aricept (donepezil) increases brain acetylcholine by inhibiting cholinesterase, enhancing cognition in Alzheimer's disease a primary mechanism for symptom management, not cure. It doesn't prevent progression, reverse memory loss, or target depression directly. Nurses explain this action, setting realistic expectations, aiding families in understanding its role in slowing cognitive decline temporarily.