Contractures are serious. A PSW can assist with preventing them by:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Contractures permanent shortening of muscles or joints result from immobility, reducing function and causing pain. PSWs play a key role in prevention. Forcing exercises risks injury and ignores client capability. Grooming assistance supports hygiene, not joint mobility. Encouraging participation is ideal for able clients but impractical for those unable to move independently. Passive range of motion exercises , where the PSW moves the client's limbs, maintain flexibility and circulation without requiring client effort, making it the most effective method for immobile individuals. This aligns with restorative care principles in healthcare, preventing contractures by keeping joints supple, and is a standard PSW task, confirming it as the correct choice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The pericardium is the heart's outer layer, a sac enclosing it to protect and anchor it, with fibrous and serous parts. The second layer aligns with the myocardium (muscle), and the inner layer is the endocardium, neither called pericardium. 'None of the above' dismisses the correct term. Cardiac anatomy, relevant for PSWs monitoring heart conditions, identifies the pericardium as the external protective covering, as in Netter's Atlas, making 'Outer layer' the precise and correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Makeup for a consenting client unable to apply it herself enhances dignity and self-esteem. Completing the grooming routine is part, but the deeper purpose is promoting a positive self-image , boosting emotional well-being, a key PSW goal. Using up cosmetics is trivial, and looking better for visitors is secondary. Psychosocial care principles prioritize self-worth, especially for dependent clients, making 'Promote a positive self image' the correct and client-centered reason.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Fear of bathing and perineal care, intimate tasks, suggests sexual abuse , where past violation during such care could trigger trauma responses. Physical abuse involves general harm, less specific to bathing fear. Emotional abuse affects self-worth, not necessarily hygiene tasks. Financial abuse is unrelated. PSWs must recognize abuse signs, and sexual abuse aligns with psychological impacts on personal care, per trauma studies, making it the correct cause.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diabetic diets manage blood sugar by controlling carbohydrates, protein, and fat , as carbs directly affect glucose, while protein and fat balance energy, per diabetes guidelines (e.g., Diabetes Canada). Sodium and fluids address other conditions. Calorie intake is general, not diabetes-specific. Semi-solid foods suit digestion issues, not sugar control. PSWs assist with these diets, making 'Carbohydrate, protein, and fat' the correct focus.