Contains the pneumotaxic and the apneutic centers

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The pons houses pneumotaxic (rate control) and apneustic (prolonged inspiration) centers e.g., regulating breathing rhythm. Medulla sets the pattern, carotid/aortic bodies sense chemo changes. Nurses understand this e.g., in apnea cases for neurological respiratory assessment, per brain anatomy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Lawrence Kohlberg's moral development theory (1950s) hinges on mutual trust e.g., fairness learned through reciprocal bonds. Freud's psychoanalysis, Erikson's stages, and Peters' principles differ. Kohlberg's stages premoral (obedience), conventional (norms), post-conventional (ethics) explain moral growth, influencing nursing ethics on trust-based patient care, like respecting autonomy in decisions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Maslow's theory (1940s) allows need priorities to shift e.g., safety over hunger in danger. Needs interrelate (esteem ties to safety), aren't rigid, and can defer. Nurses adapt e.g., tackling pain before teaching reflecting this flexibility, key to responsive care planning.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Temperature peaks late day (8 PM-midnight) e.g., circadian rise while lowest is early morning (not noon). Thyroxin raises temp, and elderly risk hypothermia (not hyperthermia) from poor regulation. Nurses monitor this e.g., fever trends per physiological norms.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A female nurse ensures ethics e.g., chaperoning prevents misconduct in a male doctor's vaginal exam. Safety, assistance, monitoring are secondary. Nurses uphold e.g., comfort for standards, per guidelines.