Concerning the measurement of renal plasma flow RP

Question 1 of 5

Concerning the measurement of renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR):

A. inulin is a good GFR marker because it is freely filtered in the glomeruli and it is not reabsorbed, or secreted, by the renal tubules B. inulin concentration in the proximal tubule's lumen increases progressively as water is reabsorbed in the segment of the nephron C. PAH (para-amino-hippuric acid) is a good marker of renal plasma flow because it is freely filtered and is rapidly secreted by the proximal tubule; as a result very little PAH reaches the renal vein D. all are correct

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Inulin measures GFR (A) as it's filtered without tubular handling, its concentration rises in the proximal tubule (B) due to water reabsorption, and PAH measures RPF (C) as it's filtered and secreted, clearing most from plasma. All are true: inulin's properties suit GFR, its concentration reflects reabsorption, and PAH's clearance reflects RPF, making E (all are correct), reassigned as D, correct.

Question 2 of 5

Match the description 'Passively permeable to water under ADH stimulation' to the structure: A) proximal convoluted tubule, B) descending limb of the nephron loop, C) collecting duct, D) ascending limb of the nephron loop.

A. proximal convoluted tubule B. descending limb of the nephron loop C. collecting duct D. ascending limb of the nephron loop

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The collecting duct (C) becomes water-permeable with ADH via aquaporin-2, concentrating urine. The proximal tubule (A) and descending limb (B) are always permeable, and ascending limb (D) is not, making C the ADH-dependent match.

Question 3 of 5

If you took a drug that inhibited the reabsorption of Naâº in the PCT, you would:

A. have an increased urine output B. have a decreased urine output C. have a decreased plasma [bilirubin] and become jaundiced D. have decreased absorption of fats and have grey-white feces

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Inhibiting Naâº reabsorption in the PCT (A) reduces water reabsorption, increasing urine output (diuresis). Decreased output (B) contradicts this, and bilirubin (C) or fat (D) effects are unrelated to sodium, making A correct.

Question 4 of 5

The majority of reabsorption occurs in the:

A. renal capsule B. proximal convoluted tubule C. collecting duct D. ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The PCT (B) reabsorbs ~65% of filtrate (water, ions, nutrients) due to its surface area and transporters. Renal capsule (A) is structural, collecting duct (C) adjusts, and ascending limb (D) dilutes, making B the majority site.

Question 5 of 5

A 78-year-old who has been admitted to the hospital with dehydration is confused and incontinent of urine. Which nursing action will be best to include in the plan of care?

A. Apply absorbent incontinent pads. B. Restrict fluids after the evening meal. C. Insert an indwelling catheter until the symptoms have resolved. D. Assist the patient to the bathroom every 2 hours during the day.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Scheduled toileting every 2 hours (D) prevents incontinence in confused elderly patients, promoting dignity and reducing risks. Pads (A) risk skin issues, catheters (C) increase UTI risk, and fluid restriction (B) worsens dehydration, making D best.

Concerning the measurement of renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR):

Nurselytic

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