ATI LPN
Questions on the Urinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Concerning the function of the glomerular mesangial cells:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mesangial cells contract to reduce filtration area (A), not produce systemic angiotensin II (B, a juxtaglomerular cell role), and phagocytose debris (C). A and C are true—contraction adjusts GFR, phagocytosis clears mesangium—while B is false, making D (A and C are correct) the answer.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following promotes sodium retention and potassium loss from the blood across the wall of the distal convoluted tubule?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aldosterone (C) increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the distal tubule, regulating electrolytes. Renin (A) triggers the RAAS, angiotensin II (B) stimulates aldosterone, and angiotensin I (D) is a precursor, making C the direct effector.
Question 3 of 5
Typically, as GFR increases, the [Naâº] of the filtrate reaching the DCT will
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Higher GFR (A) increases filtrate volume, reducing PCT reabsorption time, raising Na⺠concentration reaching the DCT. Decrease (B) or no change (C) assumes full compensation, but faster flow elevates Naâº, making A correct.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is incorrect concerning ADH?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ADH increases collecting duct water permeability (C is incorrect), concentrating urine, not decreases it. Osmolarity (A), alcohol (B), and pituitary storage (D) are true, making C the error.
Question 5 of 5
After the home health nurse teaches a patient with a neurogenic bladder how to use intermittent catheterization for bladder emptying, which patient statement indicates that the teaching has been effective?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cleaning the catheter before/after use (B) reflects correct home clean technique for intermittent catheterization. Sterile technique (A) is hospital-based, daily new catheters (C) are unnecessary (weekly is fine), and antibiotics (D) aren't routine, making B the effective learning sign.