ATI LPN
Multiple Choice Questions Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Concerning renal ontogeny:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Renal ontogeny involves three stages: the pronephros (A), a rudimentary embryonic kidney in all vertebrates; the mesonephros (B), a functional interim kidney in mammals; and the metanephros, the permanent kidney with a developed loop of Henle (C), unlike the mesonephros. All statements are true—pronephros is transitory, mesonephros functions then regresses, and the loop of Henle distinguishes the metanephros—making E (all are correct), reassigned as D, the answer.
Question 2 of 5
Match the description 'Active transport of sodium; impermeable to water' to the structure: A) proximal convoluted tubule, B) descending limb of the nephron loop, C) collecting duct, D) ascending limb of the nephron loop.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The ascending limb (D) actively transports sodium via Na/K/2Cl pumps and is impermeable to water, diluting filtrate. The proximal tubule (A) reabsorbs water, descending limb (B) is water-permeable, and collecting duct (C) varies with ADH, making D the match.
Question 3 of 5
The term cystitis refers to an infection of the urinary bladder
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder, typically from bacterial infection (A), a true medical term. False (B) would mischaracterize this common urinary condition, making A correct.
Question 4 of 5
The main solute component of urine is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Urea (A), a nitrogenous waste from protein metabolism, is the primary solute in urine (~50% of solids). Glucose (B) is absent normally, agglutin (C) is invalid, and urobilinogen (D) is minor, making A correct.
Question 5 of 5
When assessing a 30-year-old man who complains of a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying and a split, spraying urine stream, the nurse asks about a history of
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Symptoms suggest urethral stricture, a complication of gonococcal urethritis (C). Bladder infection (A) causes dysuria, trauma (B) isn't indicated, and BPH (D) is age-related, making C the likely history.