Complement can enhance phagocytosis because of the presence on macrophages and neutrophils of receptors for

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: C3b. C3b is a key opsonin that binds to pathogens and enhances their recognition and ingestion by phagocytes. Macrophages and neutrophils have receptors for C3b, allowing them to efficiently phagocytose pathogens. Factor D, C6, and properdin are not directly involved in enhancing phagocytosis through opsonization. Factor D is part of the alternative pathway of complement activation, C6 is involved in forming the membrane attack complex, and properdin stabilizes the alternative pathway C3 convertase. Therefore, the presence of receptors for C3b on phagocytes is crucial for their ability to recognize and engulf pathogens effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because bacteria interfering with normal life functions of the birds is the most likely explanation for the birds dying after eating infected worms. This is a logical explanation as bacterial invasion can lead to harmful effects on the host organism's health. Choice B is incorrect because the disease that killed the birds was not necessarily inherited. Choice C is incorrect as gene alterations in bacterial cells killing the birds is not a common or likely scenario. Choice D is incorrect as birds producing antigens in response to the bacteria would typically be a defense mechanism rather than a cause of death.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Monitoring body temperature is crucial in SLE patients as fever can indicate disease exacerbation or infection. Step 2: Prompt reporting of any elevations allows for timely intervention and prevents complications. Step 3: Early detection and management of fever can improve outcomes and quality of life for patients. Summary: Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not address the key concerns of monitoring for disease exacerbation or infection in SLE patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is B because applying lotion twice per day is a simple and effective way to moisturize dry skin, which is a common issue in clients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Moisturizing helps to improve skin hydration and prevent further dryness and irritation. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: - Choice A: Applying antibiotic cream is not recommended for dry skin in SLE clients as it is not the appropriate treatment. Topical corticosteroid creams are typically used for cutaneous manifestations of SLE. - Choice C: Using petroleum jelly once weekly may not provide sufficient moisturization for dry skin and may not be as effective as applying lotion twice daily. - Choice D: Avoiding moisturizing the skin can worsen dryness and skin irritation, which is not recommended for managing dry skin in SLE clients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: blood vessels. In the immune system, cells, tissues, and organs play crucial roles in defending the body against pathogens. Blood vessels, while important for transporting immune cells and substances, are not considered a direct component of the immune system itself. They serve as conduits for immune cells to travel throughout the body but do not actively participate in immune responses like cells, tissues, and organs do. Blood vessels are essential for the immune system to function effectively, but they are not considered a direct component of the immune system. Therefore, B is the correct answer.