Common clinical feature of renal carcinoma is:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Renal carcinoma (e.g., renal cell carcinoma) often presents insidiously. Dysuria (choice A) suggests infection, not cancer. Painless hematuria (choice B) is classic, as tumors bleed into urine without early pain, often the first sign. Urgency (choice C) relates to bladder issues, not renal tumors. Erythema (choice D) is skin redness, unrelated. B is correct, reflecting renal carcinoma's hallmark. Nurses educate on reporting hematuria, monitor for flank pain or mass (later signs), and support diagnostic imaging, aiding early detection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The wet-to-dry dressing method (A) is a mechanical debridement technique where a wet gauze is applied to a wound, then dries, adhering to and removing necrotic tissue when peeled off. Surgical debridement (B) involves cutting, not dressings. Option C misrepresents it as a protective dressing, ignoring debridement. Option D describes wet-to-moist dressings, not wet-to-dry. Wet-to-dry targets dead tissue removal, aiding healing in wounds like Imelda's, making A accurate and the best response.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Autogenic training (C) is self-suggestion or self-hypnosis, using phrases to induce relaxation (e.g., 'my arms are heavy'). Biofeedback (A) relies on machines, meditation (B) on focus, and visualization (D) on imagery not self-hypnosis. Autogenic training, per Schultz, shifts autonomic responses via mental cues, aligning with the definition, making C correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Maintaining eye contact (C) is least effective with aggressive clients; it can escalate tension, per de-escalation guidelines. Calm approach (A), expression (B), and isolation (D) soothe or manage behavior. Eye contact may provoke, making C incorrect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Therapeutic communication (C) is reciprocal, trust-based, and goal-oriented, per Peplau, identifying needs and setting mutual goals. Nurse-directed (A) lacks reciprocity, warmth (B) is partial, assessment (D) narrows scope. C fully defines it, making it correct.