Coal workers pneumoconiosis

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) causes coal nodules (C), larger than macules. Choice A is false; unlike silicosis, it doesn't increase TB risk. Choice B is incorrect; complicated CWP is uncommon (<10%), not universal. Choice D is wrong; anthracosis (mild) affects urban dwellers/smokers, not just coal workers. Choice E (no cancer link) is true. Page 734 details C's morphology nodules from dust aggregation distinguish it over A's TB link or B's prevalence error.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct order in lobar pneumonia is congestion, red hepatization, grey hepatization, resolution (D). Congestion (edema/exudate) precedes red hepatization (RBCs in alveoli), followed by grey hepatization (RBC lysis, fibrin), then resolution (clearance). Choice A reverses order. Choice B skips congestion. Choice C misplaces red/grey. Choice E adds fibrosis (not typical). Page 750 outlines D's progression S pneumoniae's inflammation evolves predictably, with grey following red as RBCs disintegrate, making it the accurate sequence.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Adenocarcinoma tends to metastasize early and widely (D), often before diagnosis. Choice A is false; it's more common in women. Choice B is incorrect; it's most common in non-smokers (75% still smokers, less than SCC's 95%). Choice C is wrong; it's peripheral. Choice E (small lesions) is true. Page 760 details D's behavior peripheral growth spreads to pleura/lymphatics, distinguishing it over A's sex or B's smoking error.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Coxiella burnetii, a hardy intracellular bacterium, causes Q fever, often inhaled from contaminated animal sources, leading to fever and pneumonia. Chlamydophila psittaci causes psittacosis, a bird-related lung infection. Mycoplasma pneumoniae triggers walking pneumonia, a milder atypical pneumonia. Streptococcus pyogenes causes strep throat or scarlet fever, not Q fever. C. burnetii's unique spore-like form and zoonotic transmission distinguish it, requiring doxycycline treatment unlike the others' diverse therapies. Recognizing its role clarifies Q fever's epidemiology linked to farms, not birds or streptococcal spread essential for diagnosis and public health responses in respiratory infection contexts.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Histoplasmosis can be diagnosed with a skin test like the tuberculin test, using histoplasmin to trigger a delayed hypersensitivity reaction in exposed individuals, indicating past or latent infection common in endemic areas like the Mississippi Valley. Cryptococcosis relies on antigen detection or culture, not skin tests, due to its yeast nature and immunocompromised host focus. Blastomycosis lacks a reliable skin test diagnosis uses microscopy or culture. Aspergillosis, an opportunistic mold infection, uses imaging and biopsy, not skin reactivity. The histoplasmosis test, though less common now due to serology's rise, parallels tuberculosis's immune-based detection, aiding epidemiology and distinguishing it from other fungal respiratory diseases.