ATI LPN
Assessment of Hematologic System NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia is characterized by peripheral blood and bone marrow
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lymphocytosis. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia is characterized by an increased number of mature lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and bone marrow, leading to lymphocytosis. Lymphocytopenia (choice A) is the opposite of lymphocytosis and is not typical in CLL. Neutropenia (choice C) refers to a low level of neutrophils, which is not a characteristic finding in CLL. Thrombocytosis (choice D) is an increased number of platelets, which is not a defining feature of CLL.
Question 2 of 5
Which single feature of normal RBCs is most responsible for limiting their life span?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Loss of nucleus. The absence of a nucleus in red blood cells (RBCs) limits their ability to repair and regenerate, leading to a shorter lifespan. Without a nucleus, RBCs cannot synthesize new proteins or repair damaged DNA, making them more susceptible to wear and tear. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Loss of mitochondria - RBCs naturally lack mitochondria to make space for more hemoglobin, but this feature does not significantly impact their lifespan. B: Increased flexibility of the cell membrane - While flexibility is important for RBCs to navigate through narrow capillaries, it does not directly affect their lifespan. C: Reduction of Hb iron - While iron is crucial for hemoglobin function, a reduction in Hb iron does not directly limit the lifespan of RBCs.
Question 3 of 5
What is the distribution of normal Hb in adults?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (>95% Hb A, <3.5% Hb A2, <1-2% Hb F). In adults, the normal distribution of hemoglobin includes mainly Hb A (>95%), a small percentage of Hb A2 (<3.5%), and an even smaller percentage of Hb F (<1-2%). This distribution is typical in healthy individuals and represents the normal composition of adult hemoglobin. Choice A (80-90% Hb A, 5-10% Hb A2, 1-5% Hb F) and Choice C (90-95% Hb A, 3-5% Hb A2, 1-3% Hb F) are incorrect because they do not reflect the accurate distribution percentages of Hb A, Hb A2, and Hb F in adults. Choice D (85-90% Hb A, 5-7% H
Question 4 of 5
What signs would you expect to see in a patient when diagnosing malaria? (Choose one)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fever. In diagnosing malaria, fever is a key symptom due to the cyclic nature of the disease. Malaria typically presents with recurrent bouts of fever, which is caused by the cycle of the parasite invading and multiplying in red blood cells. The other choices (A: Rash, C: Chest pain, D: Hair loss) are not typical signs of malaria. Rash is more commonly seen in diseases like dengue fever, chest pain could be indicative of other conditions like pneumonia or heart issues, and hair loss is not a characteristic symptom of malaria. Therefore, fever is the most characteristic and essential sign to consider when diagnosing malaria.
Question 5 of 5
What is the diagnosis? (35-year-old with blurred vision, headaches, SOB, splenomegaly, JAK-2 mutation)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct diagnosis is B: Polycythemia vera. The presence of JAK-2 mutation is a key indicator for polycythemia vera. This condition is characterized by increased red blood cell production, leading to symptoms such as blurred vision, headaches, and splenomegaly. The other choices can be ruled out based on the specific clinical presentation and genetic mutation. Myelofibrosis typically presents with bone marrow fibrosis, not splenomegaly. Essential thrombocythemia is characterized by elevated platelet counts, not red blood cells. Chronic myeloid leukemia typically presents with elevated white blood cell counts and the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome, not JAK-2 mutation.