Characteristically, exophthalmos is found in:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Exophthalmos is a hallmark of thyrotoxicosis (Graves' disease) due to orbital inflammation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Glycogen storage disease may cause hypoglycemia, not directly matched here.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nephrocalcinosis (renal calcium deposition) is typical in hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D intoxication, and sarcoidosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Primary aldosteronism typically shows normal uric acid; edema is rare due to aldosterone escape.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Gout predominantly affects men due to higher uric acid levels and hormonal differences.