Certain microbes, foreign tissues, and some cancerous cells can cause immune responses in the human body because all three contain

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: antigens. Antigens are molecules that can trigger an immune response in the body. Certain microbes, foreign tissues, and cancerous cells all contain antigens that are recognized as foreign by the immune system, leading to an immune response. Choice B: enzymes, Choice C: fats, and Choice D: cytoplasm do not have the ability to trigger immune responses like antigens do. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions, fats are molecules used for energy storage, and cytoplasm is a component of cells but none of them are recognized by the immune system as foreign invaders.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because erythema at the incision site is an early sign of a wound infection. It indicates inflammation and possible bacterial presence, necessitating nurse intervention. WBC count within range (choice A) does not necessarily rule out infection. Clear drainage (choice C) may not always indicate infection, and reduced pain (choice D) can be subjective and not a reliable indicator of infection. Erythema is a specific indicator that warrants immediate attention to prevent further complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because taking naproxen with aspirin can increase the risk of bleeding and gastrointestinal ulceration due to their similar mechanisms of action. Mixing NSAIDs like naproxen with aspirin can lead to serious side effects. Choice A is incorrect because crushing naproxen can affect its effectiveness and should not be done without consulting a healthcare provider. Choice C is incorrect as taking naproxen with food may help reduce stomach upset but it is not a requirement. Choice D is incorrect because black stools are a potential side effect of naproxen and should be reported, but it is not the most important concern in this scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Genetic. Primary immunodeficiencies are inherited disorders caused by genetic mutations affecting the immune system. These mutations can lead to deficiencies in various components of the immune system, such as T cells, B cells, phagocytes, and complement proteins. IgM (A) and antibodies (C) are components of the immune system but do not represent the mechanism through which primary immunodeficiencies are passed. B cells (B) are involved in the immune response but are not the mechanism of inheritance for primary immunodeficiencies. Therefore, the most accurate and comprehensive explanation is that primary immunodeficiencies are passed through genetic mechanisms due to inherited genetic mutations affecting the immune system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B - Leukaemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow. Leukaemia specifically affects the white blood cells, disrupting their normal production and function. This leads to an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells, which can crowd out healthy cells. The other choices are incorrect because leukaemia is not a cancer of the blood vessels (A), an infection (C), or a cancer of the stomach (D). Understanding the nature of leukaemia as a cancer of the blood or bone marrow is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.