ATI LPN
NCLEX PN Questions Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Causes of interstitial lung disease include:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) has multiple causes, making all of these' correct. Chemical/physical irritants (A) e.g., asbestos, silica trigger fibrosis via chronic inflammation. Sarcoidosis (C) forms granulomas, scarring interstitium. Alveolar proteinosis (B), though rarer, involves surfactant accumulation, impairing gas exchange, often linked to dusts or autoimmunity. Options D (A & C) omits B, but all contribute irritants via direct damage, sarcoidosis via immune response, proteinosis via alveolar dysfunction. ILD's diverse etiology, from environmental to idiopathic, reduces lung compliance and diffusion capacity, key in diagnosis (e.g., biopsy, CT), guiding therapy like steroids or lavage, a broad respiratory pathology spectrum.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following would one expect to find in pleural fluid associated with lung cancer:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pleural fluid in lung cancer shows protein >3.5 g/100 mL (D) exudative from tumor inflammation or necrosis (Light's criteria: pleural/serum protein >0.5). Specific gravity <1.015 (A) or >1.015 (B) varies, not diagnostic alone. Protein <3.5 g (C) fits transudates (e.g., CHF). RBCs <100/mm³ underestimates cancer often yields bloody fluid (>10,000). High protein reflects malignancy's leakiness, key in thoracentesis analysis for oncology nursing.
Question 3 of 5
Microcytic anemia is not found in:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Microcytic anemia (small RBCs, MCV <80 fL) isn't found in pernicious anemia (B) B12 deficiency causes macrocytic anemia (MCV >100 fL) from impaired DNA synthesis. Hypothyroidism (A), malabsorption (C), and chronic infection reduce iron, yielding microcytosis. Folic acid deficiency (D) mirrors B12, macrocytic. Pernicious anemia's autoimmune gastric atrophy blocks B12 absorption, key in hematology nursing for Schilling test and B12 therapy.
Question 4 of 5
Early signs of excessive exposure to X-ray or radium can best be detected by periodic:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Blood counts (D) best detect early X-ray/radium exposure radiation damages marrow, dropping WBCs, platelets (e.g., <1000/μL) within weeks. Chest X-ray (A) shows lung damage later. Urinalysis (B) or liver tests (C) miss hematologic effects. EKGs assess heart, not radiation. Counts' sensitivity to marrow suppression is key in nursing for occupational exposure monitoring and halting exposure.
Question 5 of 5
The classic triad of symptoms in pernicious anemia is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pernicious anemia's triad is weakness, sore tongue, paresthesias (D) B12 deficiency causes anemia (weakness), glossitis (sore tongue), and neuropathy (paresthesias, e.g., numbness). Heartburn (A, B) or dysphagia (C, E) aren't classic esophageal webs are rare. Triad reflects multisystem B12 loss, key in nursing for symptom recognition and B12 therapy.