Caring means responding to others as unique individuals, sensing their emotions, and accepting them as they are, unconditionally. This response accepts the patient's choice without condemning or frightening them.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it aligns with the definition of caring provided in the question stem. By including the patient in planning care, the nurse demonstrates a genuine concern for the patient's needs and preferences, which is a key aspect of caring. This approach acknowledges the patient as a unique individual and respects their autonomy. Choice A is incorrect because while finding a way for the patient to see the dog may be a kind gesture, it does not directly relate to the core concept of caring as described in the question. Choice B is incorrect as it mentions the importance of a nonjudgmental attitude, which is indeed a part of transpersonal caring but does not directly address the specific aspect of including the patient in planning care. Choice D is incorrect as it introduces a different concept of curative nursing care, which is not relevant to the definition of caring provided in the question.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Access to healthcare in the U.S. is not universally available regardless of ability to pay. This is inaccurate as many individuals face financial barriers to healthcare due to lack of insurance or high costs. Choice A is true as there is no central agency governing the U.S. healthcare system. Choice C is also true as legal risk is an important consideration in healthcare delivery. Choice D is true as high-tech equipment availability and payment issues are challenges in the healthcare system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because photocopying a client's diagnostic test results without proper authorization violates the client's privacy and confidentiality. It is a breach of HIPAA regulations. - Choice B is correct as assistive personnel can document vital signs on the client's record under supervision. - Choice C is acceptable as long as the unit secretary is authorized to fax the client's results. - Choice D is appropriate as it involves educating the client about her vital signs, promoting client understanding and autonomy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A primary provider is typically a doctor, nurse practitioner, or physician's assistant who is responsible for overseeing and coordinating the patient's comprehensive healthcare needs. This healthcare professional serves as the main point of contact for the patient, managing preventive care, treatments, referrals to specialists, and overall health management. Choice B, a staff nurse, is incorrect as a primary provider is usually a more advanced healthcare professional managing comprehensive care. Choice C, one insurance provider, is incorrect as a primary provider refers to a healthcare professional, not an insurance company. Choice D, a hospital, is incorrect as the primary provider is an individual healthcare professional responsible for coordinating the patient's care, not a healthcare facility.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: It represents LPNs/LVNs only. The National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN) is an organization specifically dedicated to advocating for and supporting licensed practical nurses (LPNs) and licensed vocational nurses (LVNs). This answer is correct because the NFLPN's primary focus is on LPNs/LVNs and their professional development. Choice A is incorrect because the NFLPN does not represent registered nurses (RNs), only LPNs/LVNs. Choice C is incorrect because the organization is not open to anyone interested in nursing, but specifically caters to LPNs/LVNs. Choice D is incorrect because the NFLPN is not open to anyone in the healthcare field, but rather focuses solely on LPNs/LVNs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct action is A: remind the staff members that this is a breach of confidentiality. This is the first step because addressing the immediate breach is crucial to prevent further unauthorized access to the client's information. It directly addresses the unethical behavior and educates staff on the importance of patient confidentiality. Choice B (discussing with the unit manager) is not the first step as it may delay addressing the breach directly. Choice C (requesting an administrative restriction) is not immediate and may not prevent the current unauthorized access. Choice D (preparing a report for the ethics committee) is not the first step as it involves a formal process and may not address the immediate breach.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Accrediting agencies like the Joint Commission ensure quality care by confirming the delivery of satisfactory care. This involves evaluating healthcare facilities based on established standards and guidelines to ensure they meet quality benchmarks. Imposing maximum staffing levels (A) and stipulating nurse-patient ratios (B) are important factors but not directly controlled by accrediting agencies. Requiring a specific staff mix (D) may influence care quality, but it is not the primary focus of accrediting agencies. Therefore, choice C is correct as it directly aligns with the main function of accrediting agencies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reducing the spread of infection. In the late industrialization era, poor sanitation and overcrowding led to rampant infectious diseases. Healthcare workers needed to focus on infection control measures to prevent the spread of diseases. This includes promoting hand hygiene, proper waste disposal, and sanitation practices. By addressing the spread of infection, healthcare workers could significantly improve public health outcomes. Incorrect choices: B: Promoting physical activity - While physical activity is important for overall health, in the late industrialization era, infectious diseases were more pressing issues. C: Educating on medication administration - Although important, medication administration was not a primary concern in an era where infectious diseases were rampant. D: Promoting child safety in transportation - This issue is important for child safety but was not as crucial as addressing the spread of infectious diseases in the late industrialization era.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because binding arbitration involves a formal process where an arbitrator's decision is final and binding on both parties. This means that both labor and management must adhere to the arbitrator's decision, making it a legally enforceable resolution. Choice A is incorrect because mediation is not necessarily sanctioned by the NLRB; it is a voluntary process where a neutral mediator helps parties reach a mutually acceptable agreement. Choice B is incorrect because mediation does not involve a final decision-maker; it focuses on facilitating negotiations and helping parties communicate and reach a resolution on their own terms. Choice D is incorrect because binding arbitration does not require both parties to engage in discussions to find a resolution; instead, it involves the arbitrator making a final decision that both parties must accept.