ATI LPN
Questions of Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Cardiac muscle fibres are electrically connected to neighbouring fibres by
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gap junctions electrically connect cardiac muscle fibers, allowing rapid ion flow between cells via connexin channels, synchronizing contractions across the myocardium for a unified heartbeat. Desmosomes anchor fibers mechanically, not electrically. Tight junctions seal cells, rare in heart tissue. Interneurons are neural, not muscular. These gap junctions, within intercalated discs, enable the heart's autorhythmic, coordinated action, a key feature distinguishing cardiac from skeletal muscle, essential in physiology and arrhythmias where connectivity falters, disrupting rhythm.
Question 2 of 5
During heart transplants, the _____ nerves are severed resulting in a faster resting heart rate (approximately 100 beats per minute) after the transplant.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During heart transplants, vagus nerves (parasympathetic) are severed, losing their slowing effect on the SA node, raising resting heart rate to ~100 bpm its intrinsic pace. Glossopharyngeal nerves sense pressure, not rate directly. Cardiac accelerator (sympathetic) nerves speed rate, intact or regrown later. Phrenic nerves drive diaphragm, not heart. This denervation removes 'brake,' key in post-transplant care, explaining tachycardia and need for rate control.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is a semilunar valve?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 4 of 5
What should the nurse include when teaching health maintenance strategies to the client w/ COPD? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Yearly influenza (A), pneumonia vaccines (B), and adequate calories (D) aid COPD per GOLD guidelines, but A is primary (document lists 1). Flu shots cut exacerbations (30-50% risk drop). Pneumonia vaccine (PCV13) prevents S. pneumoniae. Limiting activity (C) worsens deconditioning exercise (e.g., 30 min/day) is key. Calories (e.g., 30 kcal/kg) combat cachexia from high metabolic demand (BMR +20%). A's emphasis reflects COPD's viral trigger risk flu doubles exacerbation odds, unlike C's harm or D's support role, making it the standout strategy.
Question 5 of 5
A client is admitted to the hospital with a medical diagnosis of viral pneumonia. The nurse assesses for which of the following most frequent manifestations? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Viral pneumonia features nonproductive cough (B) and normal/near-normal WBC (C), per document (2, 3). Viruses (e.g., influenza) cause dry cough (no consolidation) and leukopenia or normal counts (e.g., 4-11k), unlike bacterial spikes. Gohn's tubercle (A) is TB, not viral. Intermittent fever (D) fits TB, not viral's steady rise. Pleural effusion is bacterial. B's cough 50% cases flags viral etiology, distinguishing it from A's TB link.