ATI LPN
Questions on Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Both vitamin B12 AND iron have drug interactions with which of the following drugs?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because both vitamin B12 and iron can have reduced absorption when taken with drugs that decrease stomach acid like PPIs and H2 blockers. This is due to the acidic environment in the stomach being necessary for the absorption of these nutrients. Therefore, taking them with these medications can lead to deficiencies. Methyldopa, metformin, and antibiotics do not directly interact with vitamin B12 or iron absorption, making them incorrect choices.
Question 2 of 5
Isozymes of 2C can greatly affect warfarin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Isozymes of 2C, specifically CYP2C9, play a crucial role in metabolizing warfarin. Variants of CYP2C9 can lead to variations in warfarin metabolism, affecting its efficacy and risk of bleeding. Therefore, isozymes of 2C can significantly impact warfarin therapy. Choice B (FALSE) is incorrect because multiple studies have shown the impact of CYP2C9 isozymes on warfarin metabolism. Choice C (Sometimes) is vague and does not acknowledge the consistent influence of CYP2C9 on warfarin. Choice D (Only in high doses) is incorrect as CYP2C9 variants affect warfarin metabolism irrespective of the dose administered.
Question 3 of 5
In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia the Lymphocyte appearance: small or slightly larger than normal, hypercondensed (almost appearing), nuclear chromatin pattern, bare nuclei called 'smudge cells' are common.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Soccer-ball. In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), lymphocytes typically appear small or slightly larger than normal, with hypercondensed nuclear chromatin and the presence of bare nuclei called 'smudge cells'. The comparison to a soccer-ball is apt as soccer-balls are relatively small, round, and have a unique pattern on their surface. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the characteristic appearance of lymphocytes in CLL. B: Basketball is too large and lacks the hypercondensed nuclear chromatin pattern. C: Football is not round and lacks the specific nuclear chromatin pattern. D: Tennis-ball is also too small and does not exhibit the characteristic appearance of CLL lymphocytes.
Question 4 of 5
After the microscope has been adjusted for Kohler illumination, light intensity should never be regulated by using the...
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: After adjusting for Kohler illumination, the light intensity should not be regulated through the condenser because it is meant to adjust the focus and light distribution, not intensity. The correct way to regulate light intensity is through the rheostat, not the condenser. Using a neutral density filter can help reduce light intensity, but it is not the primary method for regulation in Kohler illumination. Kohler magnifier is not used for light intensity regulation but for viewing the image.
Question 5 of 5
The layer of the erythrocyte membrane that is largely responsible for the shape, structure, and deformability of the cell is the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Peripheral protein. Peripheral proteins are located on the surface of the erythrocyte membrane and play a crucial role in maintaining cell shape, structure, and deformability. They interact with the cytoskeleton to support the membrane's integrity. Integral proteins (choice A) are embedded within the lipid bilayer but do not directly impact cell shape. Exterior lipids (choice B) are components of the membrane but do not have a primary role in determining cell structure. Interior lipids (choice D) are important for membrane fluidity but do not contribute significantly to cell shape and deformability.