Bone marrow samples are usually taken from which part of the body?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hipbone. Bone marrow samples are typically taken from the hipbone because it contains a rich source of bone marrow cells. The hipbone provides easier access to the bone marrow compared to other bones, making it a common site for bone marrow aspiration. Taking samples from the arm bone, breastbone, or leg bone can be more challenging and less efficient. Therefore, the hipbone is the preferred location for bone marrow extraction due to its accessibility and abundance of bone marrow cells.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer A is correct: 1. Hydroxyurea is a medication used to treat conditions like sickle cell disease. 2. It increases hemoglobin production by stimulating the production of fetal hemoglobin. 3. This increase in hemoglobin levels leads to decreased reticulocyte count. 4. Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells, and their count decreases as hemoglobin production increases. Summary: - Answer A is correct because hydroxyurea does increase hemoglobin production and decrease reticulocyte count. - Answer B is incorrect because hydroxyurea does have these effects. - Answer C is incorrect as these effects are consistent. - Answer D is incorrect as hydroxyurea can have these effects in both adults and children.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sideroblastic anemia. This type of anemia is characterized by the bone marrow's inability to use iron properly for hemoglobin synthesis due to an inherited cause. Sideroblastic anemia is specifically associated with defects in heme synthesis, leading to the accumulation of iron in mitochondria. A: Iron deficiency anemia is caused by a lack of iron intake or absorption. B: Hypochromic anemia refers to anemia with abnormally low levels of hemoglobin in red blood cells. C: Aplastic anemia is due to bone marrow failure, leading to decreased production of all blood cell types.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Absolute lymphocytosis >5000/mm^3 without other symptoms indicates low tumor burden. 2. In Rai Staging System, Stage 0 represents low risk with lymphocytosis only. 3. No adenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia rules out higher stages. 4. Hence, the correct answer is A: Stage 0. Other choices are incorrect due to absence of additional symptoms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tense. In the tense form of the hemoglobin (Hb) molecule, the binding of oxygen is hindered, leading to low oxygen affinity. This form occurs in tissues where oxygen is needed, promoting oxygen release. The relaxed form (choice B) has higher oxygen affinity, favoring oxygen binding. Arterial (choice C) and venous (choice D) refer to the oxygen saturation levels in blood, not directly related to the oxygen affinity of Hb molecules.