ATI LPN
ATI Targeted Medical Surgical Endocrine Questions
Question 1 of 5
Blood relatives of individuals diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus are studied for 10 years. Laboratory testing for glucose and insulin levels and autoantibody formation is performed on a periodic basis. The HLA types of the subjects are determined. A cohort of the subjects who are 8 to 22 years old has no overt clinical illnesses and no hyperglycemia; however, autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase are present. Many subjects in this cohort have the HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 alleles. Which of the following pancreatic abnormalities is most likely to be found in this cohort of study subjects?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The presence of HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 alleles of the MHC class II region has the strongest linkage to type 1 diabetes mellitus. Autoantibodies to islet cell antigens such as glutamic acid decarboxylase are present years before overt clinical diabetes develops. An insulitis caused by T cell infiltration occurs before the onset of symptoms or very early in the course of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following statements is false regarding the hypothalamus?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypothalamus produces ADH and oxytocin (stored in posterior pituitary), but ADH increases BP by reducing urine output; oxytocin aids labor.
Question 3 of 5
Since Adonis was unable lift the dumbbell, he decided to use the exercise bike for a cardiovascular workout. During maximum exertion on the exercise bike, Adonis began to breathe heavily and felt 'the burn' in his legs. The skeletal muscles of his legs were using primarily which form of respiration at maximum exertion?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: At max exertion, glycolysis produces lactate (burn) due to limited O2, shifting from aerobic respiration.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the above will increase cardiac output?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increased venous return boosts preload, raising CO; others decrease it (vagus, beta blocker) or resist flow.
Question 5 of 5
Blood flow to a tissue will decrease if:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: High O2 reduces vasodilation need; acidity, EDV, venous return, histamine increase flow.