ATI LPN
Multiple Choice Questions Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Blood pressure in the glomerulus is high because?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glomerular blood pressure is high due to the anatomical difference where afferent arterioles have larger diameters than efferent arterioles, creating resistance to outflow. This elevates glomerular hydrostatic pressure (around 55 mmHg), driving filtration. Low oncotic pressure or high capsular pressure would reduce filtration, and the basement membrane's thickness doesn't directly affect pressure, making C correct.
Question 2 of 5
In presence of ADH, the reabsorption of water in collecting duct:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: With ADH, water reabsorption in the collecting duct is passive, driven by the osmotic gradient (up to 1200 mOsm/kg Hâ‚‚O) in the medulla. ADH increases aquaporin-2 in both cortical and medullary segments, allowing water to move down its gradient, not actively pumped. It's not limited to cortical (D) or active (A, B), making C correct.
Question 3 of 5
A patient who received spinal anesthesia four hours ago during surgery is transferred to the surgical unit and, after 90 minutes, now reports severe incisional pain. The patient's blood pressure is 170/90 mmHg, pulse is 108 beats/min, temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), and respirations are 30 breaths/min. The patient's skin is pale, and the surgical dressing is dry and intact. The most appropriate nursing intervention is to:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Severe pain, elevated BP (170/90 mmHg), tachycardia (108 beats/min), tachypnea (30 breaths/min), and pallor suggest a significant issue (e.g., bleeding, shock) post-spinal anesthesia, despite a dry dressing. Reporting to the provider (D) is the priority to ensure rapid assessment and intervention, as this exceeds nursing scope for immediate action like medication (A) or positioning/oxygen (B, C) without orders, making D the most appropriate step.
Question 4 of 5
The first step in applying the quality improvement process to an activity in a clinical setting is to:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Quality improvement begins with identifying a problem (C) (e.g., high infection rates), providing a focus for subsequent steps like team assembly (A), data collection (B), and standard-setting (D). Without a defined issue, other actions lack direction, making C the essential first step.
Question 5 of 5
Concerning renal ontogeny:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Renal ontogeny involves three stages: the pronephros (A), a rudimentary embryonic kidney in all vertebrates; the mesonephros (B), a functional interim kidney in mammals; and the metanephros, the permanent kidney with a developed loop of Henle (C), unlike the mesonephros. All statements are true—pronephros is transitory, mesonephros functions then regresses, and the loop of Henle distinguishes the metanephros—making E (all are correct), reassigned as D, the answer.