ATI LPN
Questions for the Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Blood leaving the left ventricle passes through which of the following structures?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Blood exits the left ventricle through the aortic semilunar valve, opening during systole to release oxygenated blood into the aorta, closing to prevent backflow. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood, unrelated. The interventricular septum divides ventricles, not a passage. The bicuspid (mitral) valve admits blood into the ventricle, not out. This valve's half-moon shape optimizes ejection, a critical step in systemic circulation, essential in understanding cardiac output and conditions like aortic stenosis narrowing this exit.
Question 2 of 5
Cardiac output is the volume of blood ejected from the _____ ventricle into the _____ each minute.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cardiac output (CO) is the blood volume ejected from either ventricle left into the aorta (systemic), right into the pulmonary trunk (lungs) per minute, ~5 L total. 'Left, aorta' or 'right, pulmonary' alone is half; 'right, aorta' is wrong. This dual definition reflects parallel circuits, key in measuring heart efficiency, critical in failure where CO drops, a broad metric in physiology.
Question 3 of 5
The thickest layer of tissue in the heart wall is the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The myocardium, the heart wall's thickest layer, is cardiac muscle driving contraction thickest in the left ventricle (~1-1.5 cm) for systemic pressure. Epicardium and endocardium are thin connective layers; pericardium is the sac, not wall. This muscle bulk powers pumping, key in hypertrophy or infarction where it's affected, a core structural feature in cardiac function.
Question 4 of 5
The organs of the conducting zone of the respiratory system include all the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Alveoli (D) are not in the conducting zone, per the key they're respiratory zone structures for gas exchange. The nose (A) filters/moistens air (e.g., 90% humidity). The trachea (B) and bronchi (C) conduct air (16 generations of branching), with cartilage/mucus clearing debris. The conducting zone (nose to terminal bronchioles) warms, humidifies, and cleans air (e.g., 37°C), per physiology. Alveoli (300 million) perform external respiration (600 mL/min O₂), not conduction. This excludes D its role in diffusion (0.2 μm barrier) contrasts with A's filtration, B's patency, or C's airflow, marking it as the exception.
Question 5 of 5
What intervention should the nurse identify as the priority for the client with a nursing diagnosis of Ineffective Airway Clearance related to tumor mass?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Coughing, deep breathing, and hydration (C) are priority for airway clearance with a tumor mass, per document (3). Cough expels mucus (e.g., 50 mL/day), breathing opens airways, and fluids (2-3 L) thin secretions. Oâ‚‚ (A) treats hypoxemia, not clearance. Elevation (B) aids breathing, not obstruction. Tracheostomy (D) is last-resort. C's active clearance boosting tidal volume (500 mL) targets tumor blockage, unlike A's support or D's invasiveness.