ATI LPN
Questions on Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Bleeding due to thrombocytopenia often occurs in small vessels, causing:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Petechiae and purpura. Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by low platelet count, leading to impaired blood clotting. Petechiae are small red or purple spots on the skin caused by bleeding into the skin from broken capillaries. Purpura refers to larger purple patches caused by bleeding under the skin. In thrombocytopenia, the lack of platelets results in the inability to form clots, leading to bleeding in small vessels. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because infection, pruritus, and scarring are not typically associated with bleeding due to thrombocytopenia.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is explaining the blood component platelets to an 8-year-old child with hemophilia. How should the nurse best describe platelets to this child?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting, which stops bleeding by forming a clot over the bleeding area. This explanation is most suitable for an 8-year-old child with hemophilia as it directly addresses how platelets help in stopping bleeding, which is a common concern for individuals with hemophilia. Choice A is incorrect because platelets do not directly prevent infection. Choice B is incorrect as platelets are actually solid components of blood, not the liquid portion. Choice C is incorrect as it describes the function of red blood cells, not platelets. Therefore, choice D is the best description of platelets for the child to understand their role in stopping bleeding.
Question 3 of 5
Which nursing diagnosis is highest-priority for a 3-year-old child undergoing chemotherapy and experiencing nausea and vomiting?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Deficient Fluid Volume. For a child undergoing chemotherapy with nausea and vomiting, dehydration from fluid loss is a critical concern. Maintaining fluid balance is essential for the child's health and well-being. Options B, C, and D are not as high-priority because addressing fluid volume deficiency takes precedence over addressing nutrition, comfort, or body image issues in this situation.
Question 4 of 5
A child who has beta-thalassemia is receiving numerous blood transfusions. The child is also receiving deferoxamine (Desferal) therapy. The parents ask how the deferoxamine will help their child. Which rationale does the nurse use when responding to the parents?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: It prevents iron overload. Deferoxamine is a chelating agent that helps remove excess iron from the body, which is a common complication of frequent blood transfusions in patients with beta-thalassemia. Iron overload can lead to organ damage and other serious complications. Therefore, by using deferoxamine, the child can prevent the harmful effects of iron accumulation. A: Incorrect. Deferoxamine does not prevent blood transfusion reactions. It specifically targets iron overload. B: Incorrect. Deferoxamine does not stimulate red blood cell production. It is used to remove excess iron. C: Incorrect. Deferoxamine does not provide vitamin supplementation. Its main function is iron chelation.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse caring for a client with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is reviewing the client’s diagnostic tests. Which test result is common in DIC?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased fibrinogen level. In DIC, there is widespread activation of clotting factors leading to consumption of fibrinogen, causing a decrease in its levels. This results in an increased risk of bleeding. A: Decreased prothrombin time is not common in DIC because the increased clotting factor consumption leads to a prolonged prothrombin time. B: Increased platelet count is not common in DIC, as platelets are also consumed in the excessive clotting process. D: Decreased partial thromboplastin time is not common in DIC as it may be prolonged due to consumption of clotting factors.