ATI LPN
Medical Surgical Neurology Questions
Question 1 of 9
Bipolar neurons are commonly found in the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bipolar neurons, with one dendrite and one axon, are sensory and found in the retina. [Level: Knowledge]
Question 2 of 9
A young male client has a diagnosis of epididymitis and a positive culture for Escherichia coli. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: E. coli epididymitis often stems from anal bacteria; hygiene prevents recurrence. A/C/D are incorrect or unrelated. [Level: Application]
Question 3 of 9
In the spinal cord, where does decussation commonly occur for sensory information?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sensory fibers (e.g., pain/temperature) decussate via the dorsal horn to the opposite side. [Level: Knowledge]
Question 4 of 9
A previously healthy 68-year-old male presents with progressive muscle weakness in his right hand, swallowing difficulty and difficulty with walking. He believes these symptoms occurred 'out of the blue' and have worsened over the last 2-3 months. His temperature is 98.6 deg F (37 deg C), blood pressure 145/86 mmHg, pulse is 80/min, and respirations are 17/min. Neurologic examination is significant for mild dysarthria. He has atrophy of the thenar muscles of the right hand and forearm, and 2/5 strength on wrist extension and flexion, as well as 3/5 power in intrinsic hand muscles on right. He has some fasciculations in his right thigh, and mild (4+/5) weakness of hip flexors bilaterally. Tone is increased in both legs. Sensory examination is intact. 3+ patellar reflexes are noted on the left lower extremity. On gait testing, the patient has poor balance, and spastic gait. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Progressive weakness, atrophy, fasciculations, spasticity, and hyperreflexia suggest a mixed upper (spasticity, hyperreflexia) and lower (atrophy, fasciculations) motor neuron disease, characteristic of ALS. Guillain-Barre is acute with areflexia, myasthenia gravis involves fatiguable weakness, multiple sclerosis affects sensory and motor tracts, and dermatomyositis includes rash and proximal weakness.
Question 5 of 9
A nurse is caring for a client following a thyroidectomy. The nurse should assess for which of the following findings as an indication of hypocalcemia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypocalcemia post-thyroidectomy causes tingling/numbness (C) due to nerve irritability from low calcium.
Question 6 of 9
You pick up an ice cube. Which aspect of the ice do you notice first and why?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Temperature (cold) is sensed first via thin, slower-conducting C-fibers or Aδ fibers, compared to thicker, faster tactile fibers.
Question 7 of 9
Which statement concerning the generation of an action potential is correct?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An action potential, once initiated, is an all-or-none event that completes its course. TMP13 p. 589
Question 8 of 9
The nurse is preparing to administer enoxaparin 90 mg subcutaneously daily to a client with pulmonary embolism. The pharmacy provides a prefilled syringe labeled, “Enoxaparin 100 mg/1 mL” How many milliliters should the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dose: 90 mg from 100 mg/mL = 90/100 = 0.9 mL. [Level: Application]
Question 9 of 9
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been experiencing stroke symptoms for 60 minutes. Which action can the nurse delegate to a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Administration of subcutaneous medications is included in LPN/LVN education and scope of practice. The other actions require more education and scope of practice and should be done by the registered nurse (RN).