Best initial management in a child with newly diag

ATI LPN

ATI LPN Test Bank

Best initial management in a child with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and ketoacidosis is:

A. Oral hypoglycemics B. Insulin therapy C. IV fluids and insulin D. Diet modification

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: IV fluids and insulin treat diabetic ketoacidosis, per AAP (doc p150, Q595).

A 2-month-old infant presents with poor feeding and cyanosis. Echocardiogram shows a single ventricle. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Tetralogy of Fallot B. Tricuspid atresia C. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome D. Transposition of the great arteries

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: HLHS features a single ventricle, per AHA. A, B, D, E differ.

A 6-year-old boy presents with night sweats and weight loss. Chest x-ray shows mediastinal widening. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Pneumonia B. Tuberculosis C. Lymphoma D. Asthma

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Lymphoma features night sweats and mediastinal widening, per NCI. A, B, D, E differ.

A 6-month-old infant presents with poor feeding and a heart murmur. Echocardiogram shows an atrioventricular septal defect. The next step is:

A. Surgery B. Diuretics C. Observation D. Oxygen therapy

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Diuretics manage heart failure in AVSD, per AHA. A, C-E depend on severity.

A 3-month-old infant presents with seizures and hypotonia. MRI shows lissencephaly. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy B. Congenital infection C. Metabolic disorder D. Lissencephaly syndrome

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Lissencephaly syndrome causes seizures and smooth brain, per NORD. A-C, E differ.

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