ATI LPN
Immune System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Basic immunoglobulin contains:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because basic immunoglobulin structure consists of 2 identical heavy chains and 2 identical light chains. Heavy chains are joined to each other and to light chains by disulfide bonds. This arrangement forms the characteristic Y-shape structure of an antibody. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they involve different combinations of heavy and light chains, which do not align with the typical composition of basic immunoglobulin.
Question 2 of 5
Client having radioisotopic imaging scan. Most important action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Teach about procedure. This is important as it ensures the client understands what to expect during the radioisotopic imaging scan, reducing anxiety and enhancing cooperation. Assessing for shellfish allergies (A) is not relevant to this procedure. Placing on radiation precautions (B) is not necessary for a diagnostic imaging scan. Sedating before the scan (C) may not be appropriate unless medically indicated. Teaching about the procedure (D) is crucial for informed consent and optimal client preparation.
Question 3 of 5
A home health nurse is caring for a client who has an immunodeficiency. What is the nurse's priority action to help ensure successful outcomes and a favorable prognosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Encourage the client and family to be active partners in the management of immunodeficiency. This is the priority action because involving the client and family in the management of the condition promotes adherence to treatment, enhances understanding of the disease process, and encourages active participation in care decisions. This collaborative approach can lead to better outcomes and a more favorable prognosis. Choice B is incorrect because managing activity levels and activities of daily living, while important, may not directly address the immunodeficiency itself. Choice C is incorrect as monitoring fluid balance, although crucial for overall health, may not be the priority in managing immunodeficiency. Choice D is incorrect because adjusting medication dosages should be done under the guidance of healthcare professionals, and it is not the nurse's primary role to ensure this.
Question 4 of 5
A client with HIV infection has begun experiencing severe diarrhea. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to help alleviate the diarrhea?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer antidiarrheal medications on a scheduled basis, as prescribed. This is the most appropriate nursing intervention because antidiarrheal medications can help control severe diarrhea in clients with HIV infection. The medications can help reduce the frequency and urgency of bowel movements, leading to improved comfort and hydration levels for the client. Choice B is incorrect as simply encouraging the client to eat balanced meals will not directly address the severe diarrhea. Choice C, while important for overall health, may not directly alleviate the severe diarrhea without the addition of medications. Choice D is incorrect as increasing activity level may exacerbate the diarrhea and lead to further dehydration.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing ongoing care for a client who is positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and assessment reveals a client with a newly delayed and shortened speech pattern. The client, who previously had no neurological or motor deficits, has forgotten that they are in the hospital and has trouble getting out of bed. Which problem is the client most likely experiencing related to these signs and symptoms?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The client is most likely experiencing signs of subcortical neurodegenerative disease. The symptoms of delayed and shortened speech pattern, memory loss, and difficulty with motor skills point towards a subcortical neurological issue affecting the basal ganglia or other subcortical structures. This disease can lead to cognitive and motor deficits, as seen in the client's presentation. Choice A, Cryptococcal meningitis, typically presents with fever, headache, and neck stiffness, not cognitive and motor deficits. Choice B, Cytomegalovirus retinitis, primarily affects the eyes and vision, not speech and motor skills. Choice C, Peripheral neuropathy, involves damage to peripheral nerves, causing numbness and tingling in extremities, not cognitive and motor impairments. Therefore, the most likely problem based on the client's signs and symptoms is subcortical neurodegenerative disease.