Avoidance, Displacement, Fantasy and Projection are examples of

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Defense mechanisms are unconscious strategies the mind uses to cope with anxiety or stress, protecting the ego from perceived threats. 'Defense mechanism,' is correct because avoidance (evading stress), displacement (redirecting emotions), fantasy (escaping into imagination), and projection (attributing feelings to others) are all classic examples identified by Sigmund Freud and Anna Freud in psychoanalytic theory. 'Ego,' is the part of the psyche that employs these mechanisms, not the mechanisms themselves. 'Super Ego,' is the moral conscience, not a set of coping strategies. 'Personality,' refers to broader behavioral patterns, not specific defense tactics. These mechanisms serve to manage internal conflicts, such as between the id's impulses and the super ego's standards, making D the accurate answer, rooted in Freudian psychology's explanation of how individuals unconsciously shield themselves from psychological distress.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Res ipsa loquitur' (the thing speaks for itself) is a legal doctrine allowing negligence to be inferred when an incident wouldn't occur without it, aiding the plaintiff. 'Plaintiff,' is correct because it shifts the burden to the defendant to explain, as in cases like Byrne v. Boadle (1863), per tort law (e.g., Keeton). 'Defendant,' defends, not benefits. 'Court,' applies the doctrine, not uses it. 'Attorney,' represents, not proves directly. The plaintiff leverages this when evidence is scarce but negligence is obvious (e.g., a surgical tool left inside), making B the accurate answer, rooted in civil litigation principles.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Ease, convenience, and cost favor a drug route requiring minimal equipment or expertise. 'Oral,' is correct because it involves swallowing a pill, needing no needles or medical staff, as per pharmacoeconomics (e.g., DiPiro's Pharmacotherapy). 'Intramuscular,' requires injections, less convenient. 'Intravenous,' needs IV setup, costly and complex. 'Subcutaneous,' also involves needles, less simple. Oral administration's widespread use—cheap, self-administered, and non-invasive—makes D the standout answer, reflecting its practicality in outpatient care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Fires fueled by combustibles like paper are Class A fires, best extinguished by cooling and soaking. 'Pressurized water,' is correct because it douses flames and prevents reignition, per fire safety standards (e.g., NFPA). 'Compressed gas,' (e.g., CO2) suits electrical fires (Class E), not paper. 'Liquid soap,' is ineffective and impractical. 'Graphite powder,' is not a standard extinguisher. Water's efficacy on Class A materials—wood, paper—makes A the precise answer, aligned with firefighting protocols.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A good research topic should be clear, measurable, and relational. 'Must have at least one variable,' is correct as the exception because a topic may broadly identify an area without specifying variables initially (e.g., Nurse burnout'), per research design (e.g., Leedy & Ormrod). 'Must state relationship between variables,' ensures focus. 'Must be clear and unambiguous,' aids understanding. 'Variables must be measurable,' ensures testability. Topics can start general, refining variables later, making D the least essential trait.