Autoimmune hemolytic anemia may show:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) all true : positive Coombs (A antibody-coated RBCs), splenomegaly (B sequestration), jaundice (C hemolysis, bilirubin >2 mg/dL), chills/fever (D immune reaction). Warm (IgG) or cold (IgM) AIHA drives RBC destruction, key in nursing for steroids, splenectomy prep, and monitoring bilirubin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is the resistance to blood flow through the pulmonary circulation, influenced by lung volume and vessel mechanics. At high lung volumes (e.g., near total lung capacity), extra-alveolar vessels are stretched and narrowed due to lung expansion, increasing PVR, while alveolar capillaries are compressed, further elevating resistance. Conversely, at low lung volumes (e.g., near residual volume), extra-alveolar vessels are less stretched and more open, and alveolar capillaries are less compressed, resulting in lower PVR. Thus, PVR is lowest at low lung volumes, making that statement true. Increased PVR, as seen in conditions like pulmonary hypertension or fibrosis, can indeed strain the right heart, leading to failure (cor pulmonale), but this is not the focus of the true statement query. PVR is not measured by routine pulmonary function tests (e.g., spirometry), which assess airflow and volumes, not vascular pressures; it requires invasive methods like cardiac catheterization. The statement about low PVR at low lung volumes reflects the physiological relationship between lung volume and vascular caliber, where resistance is minimized when the lungs are less expanded.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Functional residual capacity (FRC) is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of a normal, quiet expiration, typically around 2.5-3 liters in adults. It's the resting state where the inward elastic recoil of the lungs balances the outward recoil of the chest wall, with no active muscle effort. Residual volume (RV) is the air left after maximal expiration (~1-1.5 L), not quiet expiration. Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal expiration (~1-1.5 L), not the resting volume itself. Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is the extra air inhaled beyond a normal breath (~2-3 L), relevant during inspiration, not expiration. Total lung capacity (TLC) is all lung volumes combined (~6 L), far exceeding the resting state. FRC represents the equilibrium point before inspiration begins, maintaining alveolar patency and efficient gas exchange, distinguishing it from other volumes tied to maximal efforts or different respiratory phases.