ATI LPN
Hematologic System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
At which stage of life are people most commonly diagnosed with PIDD?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Infancy. Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders (PIDD) are typically diagnosed in infancy due to recurrent infections and failure to thrive. Infants with PIDD often exhibit severe and persistent infections, making diagnosis more apparent at this stage. In contrast, early childhood (A) and adolescence (C) are less common stages for PIDD diagnosis due to the immune system maturing and symptoms becoming more noticeable in infancy. Early adulthood (D) is also less common as PIDD is usually identified earlier in life.
Question 2 of 5
A client's primary infection with HIV has subsided and an equilibrium now exists between HIV levels and the client's immune response. This is known as what physiologic state?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Viral set point. During this stage, the client's immune response has reached a balance with HIV levels, leading to a stable viral load. This term reflects the equilibrium between viral replication and immune control. A: The static stage implies an inactive phase, which does not accurately describe the dynamic balance in the viral set point. B: Latent stage refers to a period of inactivity in viral replication, not the balanced state described in the question. D: The window period is the time between infection and detectable levels of HIV antibodies, not the equilibrium between viral levels and immune response.
Question 3 of 5
You are preparing the client for a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. Which of the following statements, if made by the patient, indicates the need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: 1. Ambulation is encouraged after a bone marrow aspiration to prevent blood clots. 2. Prolonged immobility can increase the risk of complications like deep vein thrombosis. 3. Therefore, the statement indicating to avoid ambulating for 24-48 hours is incorrect and requires further teaching. 4. Other choices (B, C, D) are appropriate and do not raise any concerns regarding patient understanding.
Question 4 of 5
In which of the following diseases would bone marrow transplantation not be indicated in a newly diagnosed client?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, acute lymphocytic leukemia. In this disease, bone marrow transplantation is not indicated as it is a systemic cancer affecting the blood and bone marrow itself. Transplanting diseased bone marrow would not be effective in treating the underlying cancer. In contrast, severe aplastic anemia (A) and severe combined immunodeficiency (B) are conditions where bone marrow transplantation can help replace dysfunctional bone marrow with healthy stem cells. Chronic myeloid leukemia (D) may also benefit from bone marrow transplantation as a treatment option to replace cancerous cells with healthy ones.
Question 5 of 5
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a group of disorders characterized by a malfunction of the immune system. Patients with this disorder produce autoantibodies that attack red blood cells as if they were substances foreign to the body. Which of the following causes about half of all cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: An undetermined cause. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia often has an idiopathic or unknown cause. Here's a rationale: 1. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a complex disorder with various underlying mechanisms, making it challenging to pinpoint a single cause. 2. While some cases may be associated with certain factors like drug use (choice C) or coexisting autoimmune disorders (choice B), these do not account for most cases. 3. Genetic anomalies (choice A) may play a role in some instances, but they do not universally cause autoimmune hemolytic anemia. 4. Choice D is the most appropriate as it acknowledges the complexity of the disorder and the fact that a significant portion of cases lack a clear, identifiable cause.