ATI LPN
Questions for the Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
As blood enters the systemic capillaries
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: As blood enters systemic capillaries, P_O2 in blood (~100 mmHg, oxygenated from lungs) is higher than in tissues (~40 mmHg or less, due to cellular use), driving Oâ‚‚ diffusion into cells (internal respiration). Tissue P_CO2 (~45 mmHg) exceeds blood (~40 mmHg), moving COâ‚‚ into capillaries. Equal P_O2 (D) or P_O2 matching P_CO2 (A) would stop exchange; lower blood P_O2 (C) reverses reality. This gradient ensures Oâ‚‚ delivery and COâ‚‚ pickup, a key step in systemic circulation, critical for metabolism and conditions like hypoxia where tissue Oâ‚‚ falls, reflecting capillary-tissue dynamics.
Question 2 of 5
A client beginning medication therapy with montelukast (Singulair) asks the nurse how the medication is helping the symptoms. Which is the nurse's best response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Montelukast (Singulair), a leukotriene modifier, decreases inflammation and mucus secretion (A) by blocking leukotrienes mediators of asthma's bronchoconstriction and mucosal swelling. This reduces airway obstruction, easing symptoms. Increasing mucus (B) worsens blockage; bronchodilation isn't its role beta-agonists do that. It doesn't stop smooth muscle contraction via nerves (C) or shield from allergens (D) it mitigates their effects post-exposure. This anti-inflammatory action, distinct from rescue inhalers, suits maintenance therapy, critical for patient understanding of its preventive role, a nursing priority to ensure adherence and clarify its place in asthma management.
Question 3 of 5
A client with acute asthma is prescribed short-term corticosteroid therapy. What is the rationale for the use of steroids in clients with asthma?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Corticosteroids (C) in acute asthma reduce inflammation, decreasing bronchial edema and mucus that obstruct airflow an anti-inflammatory effect critical for reversing exacerbation severity. They don't bronchodilate (A) beta-agonists do that or act as expectorants (B) to clear mucus; they lessen its production. Infection prevention (D) isn't their role; they may increase risk long-term. Short-term use (e.g., prednisone) complements bronchodilators, targeting inflammation's root, not just symptoms, key in nursing rationale to explain their delayed but essential action in restoring airway patency and preventing relapse.
Question 4 of 5
A 49-year-old man has had increasing dyspnea for the past 4 years. He has an occasional cough with minimal sputum production. On physical examination, his lungs are hyperresonant with expiratory wheezes. Pulmonary function tests show increased total lung capacity (TLC) with slightly increased FVC and decreased FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio. Arterial blood gas measurement shows pH of 7.35; Po2, 65 mm Hg; and Pco2, 50 mm Hg. Which of the following disease processes should most often be suspected as a cause of these findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Centrilobular emphysema (A) matches this obstructive pattern . Smoking (implied) destroys respiratory bronchioles , increasing TLC (air trapping) and dropping FEV1/FVC (<70%). Hypoxemia (Po2 65) fits pink puffer' . Embolism (B) spares airways. Alveolar damage (C) is acute. Asthma (D) is episodic. A's chronicity unlike D's reversibility explains findings, per document.
Question 5 of 5
A patient came to the clinic with asthmatic attack, his body did not respond to the drugs and it is found that he had hypoxemia. What do we call this condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.