As an art, nursing relies on knowledge gained from practice and reflection of past experiences. As a science, nursing draws on

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nursing as a science draws on scientifically tested knowledge applied in practice e.g., evidence from randomized trials on wound dressings informs care. This ensures interventions are reliable, not anecdotal, blending art's intuition with science's rigor. Physician-generated research is too narrow; nursing science includes broader sources (e.g., nurse-led studies). Experimental research (e.g., trials) is one method, but not all knowledge is experimental observational studies also contribute. Non-experimental research alone (e.g., surveys) lacks the full scope of tested application. Scientifically tested knowledge encompasses diverse, validated findings, grounding nursing in evidence-based practice, making it the comprehensive basis for its scientific dimension.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: During recovery from massive tissue loss, Imelda needs a high protein, high calorie diet with vitamins A and C (B). Protein supports tissue repair and collagen synthesis, vital for wound healing. High calories provide energy for metabolic demands of recovery. Vitamins A and C enhance epithelialization and collagen formation. Low calorie options (A, D) lack energy for healing, while low protein (C, D) hinders tissue regeneration. This nutrient-rich diet matches the needs of second intention healing, where extensive repair occurs, making B the correct choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Repositioning the client every 2 hours is a crucial intervention in the management of pressure ulcers. This action helps redistribute pressure, reducing the risk of further skin breakdown and promoting wound healing. Massaging the ulcer can cause further damage to the skin and underlying tissues. Applying a heating pad can increase the risk of skin breakdown and should be avoided. Alcohol-based cleansers are too harsh for pressure ulcers and can irritate the skin, potentially delaying healing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Anticipatory grieving mourning before a loss (e.g., terminal diagnosis) helps clients or families process emotions gradually, fostering a healthier emotional state. It allows acceptance over time, reducing shock post-loss (e.g., preparing for a loved one's death). Privacy is possible but not the benefit grieving's value lies in emotional work, not seclusion. Drawing family closer may occur, but it's secondary; individual coping is primary. Discussing with others aids support, not the core benefit. By facilitating emotional adjustment e.g., a patient accepting mortality anticipatory grieving eases transition, a key nursing focus in end-of-life care, making this the primary advantage.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When donning personal protective equipment (PPE) for a patient with Varicella, which requires airborne precautions, the correct sequence ensures maximal protection and compliance with infection control standards. The proper order is: (1) Perform hand hygiene (C), (2) Don gown (B), (3) Don N95 mask (D), and (4) Don gloves (A). Hand hygiene comes first to remove contaminants from the hands, reducing the risk of transferring pathogens during PPE application. The gown is donned next to cover the body, followed by the N95 mask to protect against airborne particles, ensuring a tight seal. Gloves are applied last, extending over the gown cuffs to prevent exposure. Varicella, being highly contagious via airborne droplets, necessitates this meticulous sequence to safeguard the nurse. Incorrect ordering, like donning gloves before the gown, could leave gaps in protection or contaminate the gloves. The CSV format requires one correct answer, so C (perform hand hygiene) is selected as the critical first step, foundational to the entire process, aligning with CDC and WHO PPE protocols.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Post-tracheostomy, the obturator (A) is essential at the bedside to reinsert the tube if dislodged, ensuring airway patency. An oral airway (B) is irrelevant for tracheostomy patients. Epinephrine (C) treats allergic reactions, not routine needs. A larger tracheostomy tube (D) isn't standard emergency equipment. A is correct. Rationale: The obturator facilitates immediate tube replacement, critical in the first 72 hours before a tract forms, preventing airway loss, a priority per surgical nursing standards over other less relevant items.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.