Any form of loss may precipitate

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Grief is the emotional response to any form of loss, encompassing feelings like sadness or anger. Bereavement refers to the state of loss (e.g., after a death), mourning is the outward expression or process of grieving, and actual loss is the tangible event itself. Grief is the most direct and broad response precipitated by loss.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Thinking and reasoning (clinical judgment, critical thinking, and problem-solving) are essential because they underpin all other nursing actions, ensuring effective and safe care delivery across all roles.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The case method model involves one nurse caring for one patient during a single shift, as described in this ICU scenario with a single patient in critical condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acute postoperative pain activates the sympathetic nervous system, leading to an increase in blood pressure due to vasoconstriction and elevated heart rate as part of the stress response. While heart rate typically increases (not decreases), respiratory rate may increase (not decrease) due to anxiety or discomfort, and temperature may rise later due to inflammation, the most immediate and consistent vital sign change is an increase in blood pressure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the hypopyretic (defervescence) phase, excessive sweating can lead to hypovolemia, causing low blood pressure, tachycardia (fast pulse), and cold limbs—signs of impending collapse. Chills occur during the chill phase, and flushing/sweating alone don’t indicate collapse.