Antibody molecules and receptor molecules are similar in that they both

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because both antibody and receptor molecules have a specific shape that is essential for their specific functions. Antibodies bind to specific antigens, while receptors bind to specific ligands to initiate cellular responses. This specificity is crucial for their roles in the immune system and cell signaling pathways. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because antibodies and receptors do not control transport through the cell membrane, remove wastes from the body, or speed up chemical reactions in cells. These functions are carried out by other molecules with different structures and mechanisms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because installing an electrostatic filter in the furnace can effectively reduce dust particles circulating in the home environment. Electrostatic filters are designed to capture smaller particles like dust, pollen, and pet dander, thus reducing allergen exposure. Incorrect choices: A: Installing curtains does not address the root cause of dust allergens and may even accumulate more dust than other alternatives. C: Vacuuming once a month is not sufficient to control dust allergens, as regular and thorough cleaning is necessary. D: Using feather pillows may exacerbate dust allergies as they can trap dust mites.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Heat paraffin therapy applied to the client's hands. Heat therapy helps to improve blood circulation, reduce joint stiffness, and alleviate pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis exacerbation. Elevated ESR indicates acute inflammation, making heat therapy beneficial in this scenario. Assistive devices are not typically needed for rheumatoid arthritis unless there is severe loss of range of motion. Cold packs are more suitable for acute injuries with swelling, not for chronic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. Surgical joint replacement is considered for severe cases of joint damage, not for acute exacerbations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary characteristic of an autoimmune disease is that the immune system attacks the body's own healthy tissues. This is because in autoimmune diseases, the immune system mistakenly identifies normal cells and tissues as foreign invaders and mounts an immune response against them. This leads to inflammation, tissue damage, and various symptoms of the autoimmune disease. Incorrect choices: A: The immune system failing to recognize foreign pathogens is not the primary characteristic of an autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases involve the immune system mistakenly attacking the body's own tissues. C: While an overactive immune system producing excessive antibodies can be a feature of some autoimmune diseases, it is not the primary characteristic. The key feature is the immune system attacking healthy tissues. D: An immune system that is suppressed and cannot fight infections effectively is not characteristic of autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases involve an immune system that is active but targeting the wrong cells.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Platelets are also known as thrombocytes. This is the correct answer because thrombocytes are responsible for blood clotting. Platelets play a crucial role in preventing excessive bleeding. Lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and leucocytes are different types of blood cells with distinct functions unrelated to blood clotting.