ATI LPN
NCLEX PN Questions Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
An oxygen delivery system is prescribed for a client with COPD to deliver a precise oxygen concentration. Which oxygen delivery system would the nurse anticipate to be prescribed?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Venturi mask (B) delivers precise oxygen concentrations (e.g., 24-50%) via color-coded adapters, ideal for COPD clients needing controlled Oâ‚‚ to avoid suppressing their hypoxic respiratory drive unlike high-flow systems risking COâ‚‚ retention. Face tents (A) and aerosol masks (C) provide high humidity but variable Oâ‚‚, less accurate. Tracheostomy collars (D) suit surgical airways, not typical COPD needs. Venturi's precision, adjusting Oâ‚‚ with air entrainment, aligns with COPD's low-flow requirement (1-2 L/min), a nursing anticipation critical for safe oxygenation and preventing hypercapnia.
Question 2 of 5
A study of pulmonary disease in persons who are smokers shows that tobacco used in greater amounts and for longer periods is positively correlated with the degree of lung parenchymal destruction with centrilobular emphysema. However, some persons with a history of extensive tobacco use have less lung damage than persons who smoked less. Polymorphisms involving which of the following genes are most likely to explain these differences in the repair response to lung injury in smokers?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: TGF-β (D) polymorphisms explain repair variance in emphysema . Reduced TGF-β impairs mesenchymal repair , worsening alveolar loss (50% in heavy smokers). AAT (A) causes panacinar. BMPR2 (B) links to hypertension. CFTR (C) is cystic fibrosis. D's role unlike A's specific deficiency modulates damage, per document.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following describes the Morphology of Emphysema:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All (D) describe emphysema morphology . Pale, voluminous lungs and alveolar thinning (50% loss) reflect air trapping . A, B, C are true individually. D's inclusivity unlike A's partiality captures full pathology, per document.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following diseases are termed blue bloaters and pink puffers respectively?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chronic bronchitis and emphysema (D) are blue bloaters' and pink puffers' . Bronchitis cyanosis and emphysema's hyperventilation differ. Asthma (A) reverses. Bronchiectasis (C) lacks this. D's pairing unlike A's mismatch fits, per document.
Question 5 of 5
Pulmonary surfactant:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pulmonary surfactant prevents alveoli from collapsing (D) . Secreted by type II pneumocytes, it cuts surface tension (30 dynes/cm to 5), stabilizing 300 million alveoli (Page 1). Protection (A) is vague. Dust clearance (B) is ciliary. Bronchioles (C) don't produce it. D's role unlike B's ciliary action averts atelectasis, per document.