An NP sees a preschooler in clinic for the first time. When obtaining a medication history, the NP notes that the child is taking a medication for which safety and effectiveness in children has not been established in drug information literature. The NP should:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because many pediatric drugs lack established safety data, so assessing use and effects is practical first. Choice A is incorrect (discontinuing premature). Choice B is wrong (levels only if side effects). Choice C is inaccurate (reporting not warranted without evidence).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because many pediatric drugs lack established safety data, so assessing use and effects is practical first. Choice A is incorrect (discontinuing premature). Choice B is wrong (levels only if side effects). Choice C is inaccurate (reporting not warranted without evidence).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Choice C is correct because receptor agonists, which activate receptors, can lead to desensitization or downregulation with continuous use as the body reduces receptor sensitivity or number to compensate. Choice A is incorrect as irreversible binding is rare and not typical for agonists. Choice B is wrong because upregulation occurs with antagonists, not agonists. Choice D is incorrect since agonists typically show a direct, not inverse, concentration-action relationship.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Choice A is correct because lisinopril and enalapril, both ACE inhibitors, have similar names and uses, increasing error risk due to confusion. Choice B is incorrect as amoxicillin and penicillin are distinct enough in naming and form. Choice C is wrong because atenolol and propranolol, while beta blockers, differ more in name recognition. Choice D is incorrect since A is the strongest example.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Choice A is correct because the FDA's Orange Book lists generic drugs' therapeutic equivalence (e.g., AB rating) to brand-name drugs, aiding substitution decisions. Choice B is incorrect as it's not a brand-name catalog. Choice C is wrong because it doesn't provide pricing. Choice D is incorrect since only A fits.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Choice A is correct because the FDA's Orange Book lists generic drugs' therapeutic equivalence (e.g., AB rating) to brand-name drugs, aiding substitution decisions. Choice B is incorrect as it's not a brand-name catalog. Choice C is wrong because it doesn't provide pricing. Choice D is incorrect since only A fits.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because women 13-26 should get the three-dose HPV series, even with abnormal Pap. Choice A is incorrect (vaccine still beneficial). Choice B is wrong (single dose insufficient). Choice D is inaccurate (partner not the focus).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Choice A is correct because vitamin K deficiency reduces clotting factor synthesis, enhancing warfarin's anticoagulant effect, a direct drug action impact. Choice B is incorrect as vitamin C deficiency (scurvy) doesn't significantly alter drug action pharmacokinetically. Choice C is wrong because B12 deficiency affects neurology, not drug metabolism broadly. Choice D is incorrect since only vitamin K has a specific, notable drug interaction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Choice B is correct because ketamine is a Schedule III drug with moderate abuse potential and medical use (anesthetic), per DEA. Choice A is incorrect as oxycodone is Schedule II. Choice C is wrong because lorazepam is Schedule IV. Choice D is incorrect since only ketamine fits.