An individual that is incubating an infectious disease and is capable of spreading it during incubation period is known as

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A healthy carrier is someone who harbors and can transmit an infectious agent without showing symptoms, including during the incubation period before illness manifests. 'Healthy carrier,' is correct because it fits this description, as seen with typhoid carriers like Mary Mallon, who spread disease unknowingly. 'Convalescent carrier,' refers to someone recovering from illness who still sheds pathogens, not during incubation. 'Precocious carrier,' is not a standard term in epidemiology. 'Contact carrier,' is also not recognized; it might imply transmission via contact but lacks specificity to incubation. The healthy carrier's asymptomatic yet infectious state during incubation aligns with the question, supported by public health definitions from the CDC, distinguishing D as the accurate answer over less applicable or nonexistent terms.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Veracity is the ethical principle obligating nurses to be truthful with patients, fostering trust. 'Veracity,' is correct because it directly ties to honesty, as per the ANA Code of Ethics, ensuring accurate information (e.g., about treatment risks). 'Beneficence,' is doing good, not truth-specific. 'Non-maleficence,' is avoiding harm, not about truthfulness. 'Fidelity,' is keeping promises, distinct from honesty. Veracity's focus on truthful communication—critical in patient-nurse relationships—distinguishes it, making D the precise answer, supported by ethical frameworks emphasizing transparency in care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Frusemide (furosemide), a loop diuretic, affects fluid and electrolyte balance, leading to specific side effects. 'Hypotension,' is correct because it causes rapid fluid loss, reducing blood volume and pressure, as per clinical pharmacology (e.g., Brunton's Goodman & Gilman). 'Hyperchloraemia,' is false; frusemide causes hypochloremia via chloride loss. 'Hypermagnesia,' is incorrect; it leads to hypomagnesemia. 'Tearing,' is unrelated to diuretic effects. Hypotension's prevalence as a documented adverse effect, especially in overdose or dehydration, distinguishes B as the accurate answer, reflecting frusemide's mechanism.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an inhalation anesthetic with distinct properties. 'It is the only true gas,' is correct because it's stored as a gas at room temperature, unlike volatile liquids (e.g., sevoflurane), per anesthesiology texts (e.g., Barash). 'It cannot be used for rapid induction,' is false; it's quick-acting, though weak alone. 'It has an unpleasant odour,' is incorrect; it's odorless or slightly sweet. 'It is generally used as a volatile adjunct,' is true but less defining than its gaseous state. N2O's unique physical property as a true gas distinguishes C as the accurate answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Delimitation defines the study's boundaries, set by the researcher. 'Scope of the study,' is correct because it outlines what's included (e.g., population, time), per research texts (e.g., Creswell). 'Limitation of the study,' addresses constraints beyond control. 'Relevance of the study,' justifies importance. 'Objective of the study,' states goals. Scope's role in setting intentional limits—e.g., nurses in urban hospitals'—distinguishes B as the accurate answer.