ATI LPN
ATI Medical Surgical Endocrine Questions
Question 1 of 5
An autopsy study is performed involving persons with gross pathologic findings of bilaterally small kidneys (<100 g) that have a coarsely granular surface appearance. Microscopic examination shows sclerotic glomeruli, a fibrotic interstitium, tubular atrophy, arterial thickening, and scattered lymphocytic infiltrates. Which of the following clinical findings was most likely reported in these patients' medical histories?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: These findings describe end-stage renal disease, the appearance of which can be similar regardless of the cause (e.g. vascular disease or glomerular disease). The characteristics of progressive renal damage include glomerulosclerosis (starting with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis) and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. With advanced renal destruction, hypertension almost always supervenes, even if it was absent at the onset of renal disease. Many such cases are referred to as chronic glomerulonephritis (GN), for want of a better term. Hemoptysis occurs in Goodpasture syndrome that involves lungs as well as kidneys. Lens dislocation is a feature of Alport syndrome, from thinning of the anterior lens capsule. Pharyngitis with group A streptococcal infection may precede postinfectious GN. A skin rash might have preceded the postinfectious GN.
Question 2 of 5
A 73-year-old woman has experienced malaise and a 10-kg weight loss over the past 4 months. She also has developed a chronic cough during this time. She has a 100 pack-year history of smoking cigarettes. Physical examination shows muscle wasting and 4/5 motor strength in all extremities. Abdominal CT scan shows bilaterally enlarged adrenal glands. A chest radiograph shows a 6-cm perihilar mass on the right and prominent hilar lymphadenopathy. Laboratory studies show Na+, 118 mmol/L; K+, 6 mmol/L; Cl-, 95 mmol/L; CO2, 21 mmol/L; and glucose, 49 mg/dL. Her 8:00 am serum cortisol level is 9 ng/mL. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The lung mass is likely a primary lung carcinoma, and the bilaterally enlarged adrenal glands can be explained by metastases to the adrenal glands. Destruction of over 90% of the adrenal cortices is responsible for adrenal failure manifested by malaise and the low serum cortisol concentration and the electrolyte disturbances.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following hormones come from anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ACTH is from anterior pituitary; inhibin (gonads), T3 (thyroid), oxytocin and ADH (posterior pituitary) are not.
Question 4 of 5
Which is true of dark (red) muscle?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dark (red) muscle is slow-twitch, rich in mitochondria, suited for endurance.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following factors is not involved in determining cardiac output?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All affect CO: stretch (preload), hormones (epinephrine), ANS (sympathetic), resistance (afterload).